Background & Aims: Biliary strictures are common complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography evolved as standard and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage as alternative therapy. This study analysed predictors of long-term success of biliary strictures after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and/or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage and its impact on patient survival. Methods: All adult patients with biliary strictures receiving endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and/or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage between 2009 and 2015 at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf were retrospectively analysed. Potential predictors of long-term success (≥12 months) were identified by univariate and logistic regression analyses. Patient survival was analysed by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results: Hundred and sixteen patients were treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and/or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage, including 67 patients with anastomotic strictures, 22 with nonanastomotic strictures and 27 with both stricture types. Eighty-five patients received endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, 17 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage and 14 both techniques.Long-term success was achieved in 60 patients (52%). Predictors of treatment failure were a preinterventional C-reactive protein >8 g/dL in anastomotic strictures (P = 0.039) and a body mass index ≤21 kg/m 2 in nonanastomotic strictures (P = 0.021).In patients who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiography only, balloon dilatation of anastomotic strictures with larger diameters favoured success (P = 0.015). Achievement of long-term success was associated with prolonged patient survival inPlatelets (10 3 /µL) 204 (21-658) Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) 73 (12-661) Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) 54 (14-297) Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L) 472 (31-3111) Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) 354 (64-2270) Bilirubin (g/dL) 1 (0.2-26) Creatinine (mg/dL) 1 (1-4) C-reactive protein (mg/L) 15 (1-185) International normalised ratio 1 (1-2) Continuous variables are reported as median and range. Categorical variables are provided as counts and percentages. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01.

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