Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain a large group of chemical compounds that have two or more aromatic rings in their structure. These materials are produced from the incomplete burning of organic materials (such as oil, coal, wood, etc.). Natural and human activities have caused these substances to widely enter the human life cycle and affect the body’s health and functioning. After entering the body, these substances accumulate in the lungs, brain, and fat tissue, therefore, due to the high-fat mass in women, this group is more vulnerable to PAH. With the increased concentration of many of these substances in the body, problems such as genetic toxicity, carcinogenesis and mutagenesis occur. In addition to a general look at these damages, specifically how the mutagenesis process and its effects on the body are examined in detail. PAHs can become more active metabolites (BP-7-trans-dihydrodiol, benzo [a] pyrene diol-epoxide) bind to DNA, and cause mutations in DNA strands by producing ROS. PAHs produce harmful metabolites by regulating the activity of xenobiotic pathway enzymes (cytochrome P450, epoxide hydrolase, and peroxidases). For all the above, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of their effect on the body. Due to the importance of this issue, detailed and comprehensive information is not available in sufficient quantity in this case, thus, in this research, it has been mentioned in detail and at the end of their risk assessment, it has also been examined.