Mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways are components of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). In WMN, gateways connect to Internet using wireline links and supply Internet access services for users. Multiple gateways are needed, which take time and cost budget to set up, due to the limited wireless channel bit rate. WMN is a highly developed technology that offers to end users a wireless broadband access. It offers a high degree of flexibility contrasted to conventional networks; however, this attribute comes at the expense of a more complex construction. Therefore, a challenge is the planning and optimization of WMNs. This paper concentrates on the challenge using a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The genetic algorithm and simulated annealing enable searching for a low-cost WMN configuration with constraints and determine the number of used gateways. Experimental results proved that the performance of the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing in minimizing WMN network costs while satisfying quality of service. The proposed models are presented to significantly outperform the existing solutions.

Web applications are dynamic and interactive, as compared to traditional applications. Therefore, traditional testing techniques and tools are not sufficient for web applications testing. This paper presents a proposed Web testing approach, in which hyperlinks of the website to be tested are automatically followed one by one to retrieve all HTML texts of its pages starting from the home page. The HTML text of each encountered page is analyzed to extract the needed information about it. Then, the collected information is used in the error checking process. The proposed approach guaranties the satisfaction of two web application testing criteria, namely page coverage criterion and hyperlink coverage criterion. The paper also describes an automated Web application testing system that has been developed to implement the proposed approach. The effectiveness of the proposed approach and the developed system in discovering several possible Web applications errors is demonstrated through a case study.