Climate change, exacerbating water management and environmental problems, threatening public health, food safety and economic and social development, is a global concern. The adoption of green economy approach can provide the Kyrgyz Republic with a framework for strengthening the in-country and inter-regional cooperation. Faced with the climate change realities and the clear evidence of the fact that continued “brown economy” will only lead to further environmental degradation and ultimately threaten not only the economic growth but also the overall survival of the humanity, the public at large is becoming aware of the urgency and relevance of responding to these challenges. A growing number of influential opinions state that the “business-as-usual” approach cannot be practiced as before and some new ways must be found to drive the economic growth and development at the national, regional and global level. Against this background, the green economy approach is gaining traction in the Kyrgyz Republic, being considered as a very important contribution to the search for new ways to achieve sustainable growth viewed as the growth that meets the requirements of environmental sustainability and social justice.

In the transition to a digital economy, contributing to the further qualitative development of the country and its competitiveness, the determining and most important factor is human capital. The task of developing human capital should be formulated as the key state task of modernizing a number of modern sectors such as education, culture, health, and science, which should be viewed primarily as sectors of capitalization of the human potential of independent Kyrgyzstan. In the republic, based on the current legislation concerning education and the social sphere, it is difficult to conclude that there is a scientifically sound program for the development of human capital as a necessary element in the transition to the information society. Employment policy and migration policy, as factors determining the demand for human capital, do not take into account issues related to the dynamics of the level of human capital. There are no methods to determine the effectiveness of investment in the development of human capital in the country. As a result of the study, the mechanism of effective investment in human capital in the Kyrgyz Republic was developed, taking into account other sources of investment other than the state budget, which will allow to develop specific programs for the development of segments of the social sector in the Kyrgyz Republic on the basis of ongoing assessments. This, in turn, will solve the problem of uneven distribution of investment across them. Besides, the priority areas of investment in human capital, providing for the accelerated development of human capital in the country, highlighting the role of state, regional and municipal authorities in the effective management policy to attract and promote not only public but also private investment have been identified. Taking into account the necessary amount of investment per person to form an innovative personality in Kyrgyzstan, meeting the modern requirements of a competitive economy and proficient in new digital technologies, will further contribute to reducing the level of labor migration in the country.