Bronchoesophageal fistula in an adult is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Most commonly, they have malignant origin. We report a case of bronchoesophageal fistula secondary to trauma caused by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The patient presented with recurrent chest infections and dysphagia since he underwent endoscopic procedure for obstructed denture. Barium swallow study revealed fistulous connection between right lower lobe bronchus and esophagus.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare disease. Herein we report a case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis who was suspected to have the disease on chest X-ray and was confirmed on high resolution CT and transbronchial lung biopsy. These investigations showed characteristic features of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Approximately 15% to 20% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in India are estimated to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and tuberculous effusion being the second most common extrapulmonary manifestation after tuberculous lymphadenitis. Due to its paucibacillary nature, it is difficult to demonstrate tubercle bacilli by the standard staining procedures which is the gold standard for diagnosis, thus leading to a large number of cases being undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Now, it has further been complicated by the emergence of multidrug resistance. In December 2010, World Health Organization endorsed the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF technology for diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance which is providing result within 2 hour. Aims: This study was done with an aim to know the role of Gene Xpert in the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion. Results: A total of 136 patients of pleural effusion with strong clinico-radiological and pathological suspicion of tubercular etiology were included in our study and their pleural fluid was examined for Gene Xpert MTB/RIF. In 20.58%(28) patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected and out of these, 21%(6) had rifampicin resistance. Conclusion: Because of its rapidity, simplicity, and sensitivity, Gene Xpert MTB/RIF technology is emerging as a novel and promising technique to diagnose tuberculous effusion and rifampicin resistance, which was undiagnosed most of the time. Although, it has limited availability at present, and for this more research studies should be conducted.

No abstract

No abstract