Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is Ethiopia's most important highland cereal crop and widely growing in most part of the country. Based on high levels of genetic and phenotypic diversity, the country is considered as center of diversity for barley. Assessments of the amount of genetic variation within and among populations are crucial for effective and efficient genetic improvement of the crop. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the diversity of barley landraces collected from various altitudes and regions of Ethiopia. A total of 585 barley landraces and 10 checks were evaluated using augmented randomized complete block design consisting of six blocks. All the 585 landraces were planted in un-replicated plots and the 10 checks were replicated six times (ones in each block) to estimate an error variance. Data on 13 quantitative characters were subjected to calculation of descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multivariate analysis (Unweighted Pair Group Method Analysis (UPGMA) cluster analysis and principal component analysis). There were significant differences (ANOVA, P<0.01) among landraces for plant height, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per spike, days to heading and days to maturity. All the genotypes were grouped into five clusters where 74.02% of the accessions (433) fall in cluster I, IV and V. Early matured accessions were grouped in cluster I, while late matured, high yielding and tall accessions were clustered in cluster IV. The highest intra-cluster distance was 23.12 for 598