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We observed an encounter between a reticulated python (Python reticulatus) and a group of wild Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus mauritius) at the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. A python (about 2 m in length) moved toward a group of lutungs in the trees. Upon seeing the python, an adult male and several adult female lutungs began to emit alarm calls. As the python approached, two adult and one sub-adult female jumped onto a branch near the python and began mobbing the python by shaking the branch. During the mobbing, other individuals in the group (including an adult lutung male) remained nearby but did not participate. The python then rolled into a ball-like shape and stopped moving, at which point the lutungs moved away. The total duration of the encounter was about 40 min, during which time the lutungs stopped feeding and grooming. Group cohesiveness during and after the encounter was greater than that before the encounter, indicating that lutungs adjust their daily activity in response to potential predation risk.

The influence of natural diet composition, food intake level, and body size on ingesta passage in primates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 150(3):274-281. Abstract An important component of digestive physiology involves ingesta mean retention time (MRT), which describes the time available for digestion. At least three different variables have been proposed to influence MRT in herbivorous mammals: body mass, diet type, and food intake (dry matter intake, DMI). To investigate which of these parameters influences MRT in primates, we collated data for 19 species from trials where both MRT and DMI were measured in captivity, and acquired data on the composition of the natural diet from the literature. We ran comparative tests using both raw species values and phylogenetically independent contrasts. MRT was not significantly associated with body mass, but there was a significant correlation between MRT and relative DMI (rDMI, g/kg0.75/d). MRT was also significantly correlated with diet type indices. Thus, both rDMI and diet type were better predictors of MRT than body mass. The rDMI-MRT relationship suggests that primate digestive differentiation occurs along a continuum between an "efficiency" (low intake, long MRT, high fiber digestibility) and an "intake" (high intake, short MRT, low fiber digestibility) strategy. Whereas simple-stomached (hindgut fermenting) species can be found along the whole continuum, foregut fermenters appear limited to the "efficiency" approach. Clauss et al. Primate ingesta retention relationship suggests that primate digestive differentiation occurs along a continuum between an "efficiency" (low intake, long MRT, high fiber digestibility) and an "intake" (high intake, short MRT, low fiber digestibility) strategy. Whereas simple-stomached (hindgut fermenting) species can be found along the whole continuum, foregut fermenters appear limited to the "efficiency" approach. Key words: ingesta passage, mean retention time, digestive anatomy, digestive physiology, feeding ecology, herbivory, foregut fermenter 35 36 Clauss et al. Primate ingesta retention 362, L.C., Wheeler, P., 1995. The expensive tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon), and a comparison with roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Acta Theriologica 49, 503-515. Bell, R.H.V., 1971. A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti. Scientific American 225, 86-93.

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abstrakUndang-undang Republik Indonesia No 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang, menetapkan harustersedia Ruang Terbuka Hijau sebesar 30% dari luas Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Dan dalam Permen ATRNomor 16 tahun 2018 ditetapkan harus tersedia RTH privat sebesar 10%. Hal itu bertujuan untukmeningkatkan kualitas lingkungan hidup di wilayah perkotaan, diantaranya penyediaan resapan, penyegaranudara, dan tentunya aspek estetika. Namun tidak banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang mengetahui adanyaperaturan tersebut. Bahkan banyak pengembang yang tidak memperhatikan aspek tersebut. Sehingga parapembeli rumah tidak tahu adanya persyaratan dalam mendirikan atau mengembangkan bangunan yang harusmenyediakan RTH.Di Perumahan Karanglo Indah (dalam kasus ini sebagai percontohan adalah wilayah RT 8) masihdirasakan kurangnya Ruang Terbuka Hijau di sebagian besar rumah, seperti lingkungan hijau. Hal ini karenahalaman rumah sudah penuh tertutup bangunan. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untukmemberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang arti pentingnya RTH. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat inidilaksanakan saat pandemi Covid-19, yang harus mengikuti protokol kesehatan dan physical distancing, makapemberian pemahaman hanya diberikan kepada Ketua RT, ketua PKK dan dasa wisma. Hasil dari pelaksanaankegiatan berupa percontohan lingkungan hijau berupa penanaman tanaman sayur, baik secara hidroponikvertikal maupun apung dan tanaman dalam polybag. Upaya ini selain untuk menambah lingkungan hijau jugamendukung kegiatan Kemandirian Pangan di era pandemi Covid-19 AbstractLaw No.26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning determines that 30% of Watershed must be available for open spaces. TheRegulation of The Minister of Agragrian and Spatial Planning Number 16 of 2018 determines that 10% of openspaces must be available for private open spaces. It aims to improve the quality of environment in urban areasincluding the availability of infiltration, air freshening, and aesthetic aspects. However, not many Indonesians knowthis regulation. Even many developers do not pay attention to this aspect and house buyers do not know the openspace requirements for building or developing buildings. Most houses at Karanglo Indah Housing ( as a pilotproject, RT 8, RW 4) are still lack of open spaces as the green environment. This is because the yard is full ofbuildings. This Community Service aims to provide information to that community so that they understand theimportance of open space. Since the Community Service was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic which mustcomply with health protocols and physical distancing, the information is only given to the head of NeighborhoodAssociation, head of Family Welfare Group and head of a Group of ten families. The result of this activity is a pilotgreen environment as planting vegetable plants, both vertical and floating hydroponics and plants in polybags.Besides enlarging the green environment, this activity also supports food independence activities in the era ofCovid-19 pandemic.