As from January 2010 The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh (IJA) will be published exclusively as an on-line Open Access (OA) quarterly accessible by all AquacultureHub (http://www.aquaculturehub.org) members and registered individuals and institutions. Please visit our website (http://siamb.org.il) for free registration form, further information and instructions. This transformation from a subscription printed version to an on-line OA journal, aims at supporting the concept that scientific peer-reviewed publications should be made available to all, including those with limited resources. The OA IJA does not enforce author or subscription fees and will endeavor to obtain alternative sources of income to support this policy for as long as possible.

As from January 2010 The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh (IJA) will be published exclusively as an on-line Open Access (OA) quarterly accessible by all AquacultureHub (http://www.aquaculturehub.org) members and registered individuals and institutions. Please visit our website (http://siamb.org.il) for free registration form, further information and instructions. This transformation from a subscription printed version to an on-line OA journal, aims at supporting the concept that scientific peer-reviewed publications should be made available to all, including those with limited resources. The OA IJA does not enforce author or subscription fees and will endeavor to obtain alternative sources of income to support this policy for as long as possible.

Lead is a soft metal and easy to be damaged during conservation treatments. In this study four different procedures for cleaning tarnished lead were assessed: mechanical abrasion with calcium carbonate, immersion in EDTA, potentiostatic reduction in Na 2 SO 4 , and potentiostatic reduction and passivation in the same electrolyte. The surface of coupons after six cycles of tarnishing and cleaning was characterized by gravimetry, colorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was observed that all the procedures induced changes on the lead coupons. Mechanical abrasion left a shiny surface but it removed a high quantity of mass; the color of the coupons cleaned with EDTA was similar to original but the surface was completely etched; and the lead reduced potentiostatically presented similar chemical composition to original but the surface was completely covered by re-deposited lead crystals.

No abstract

Improved cooking stove (ICS) has provided the emerging opportunities, especially in the developing nations, considering the fact that it is more efficient and environment friendly than conventional cooking stoves. The paper briefly discusses about the design optimization of ICS. Current models are designed predominantly based on maximum energy conversion rather than coupling it with the original habits of users. There are various factors to be considered during the design of the cooking stove. The optimum design has the maximum efficiency resulting in low carbon emission, low kitchen indoor pollution, low fuel wood consumption and finally conserves the environment.