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Dialogue systems have always been an important research direction of natural language processing. In recent years, the potential and commercial value of dialogue systems have attracted people’s attention, and technologies such as intelligent customer service and chatbots have gradually become popular. First, it outlines the concept and classification of the dialog system; then introduces the constituent modules of the dialog system, and mainly studies the key technologies and mainstream ideas; finally, summarizes the problems encountered at this stage and looks forward to the future research direction.