Background: To systematically collect, critically evaluate, and synthesize current evidence with respect to the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of levetiracetam as mono-or adjunctive therapy for children and adolescents with all types of epilepsy.Methods: The presentation of methods and results in this systematic review was performed according to the evaluation guidelines for health care interventions provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with lowdose steroids in the treatment of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE).Methods: A total of 76 children were diagnosed and admitted with SLE, lupus nephritis (LN) and type IV diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis at Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China from March 2017 to December 2018, had their clinical data analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 38 children received methylprednisolone pulse combined with MMF and intermittent oral low-dose glucocorticoids (GC), labelled MMF group, while the remaining 38 children, which served as control group, were treated with oral GC and transitional reduction. Pertinent biochemical parameters were evaluatedResults: Compared with control group, MMF group showed a notably lower level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a higher level of complement C3, lower level of serum creatinine (Scr) and 24-h urine protein level 6 months after treatment (p < 0.05). Albumin level was higher in MMF group at 6 months and 12 months after treatment than in the control group. Compared to control group, the SLEDAI score in MMF group was significantly lower at 6 months and 12 months after treatment (p < 0.05). Body mass index, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and intraocular pressure levels in the MMF group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Post-treatment, peripheral blood CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cell levels in the two groups were significantly increased, while CD8+ T lymphocyte level declined.Conclusion: MMF combined with low-dose methylprednisolone controls symptoms early and mitigates renal injury in the treatment of pSLE. It is also safe, and effectively regulates the patient's cellular immune function.