In our study, further characteristic trichoscopic findings were detected in alopecia areata such as clustered white dots, multi-hair follicular unit, hidden hairs and black dotted pigmentation, in addition to previous findings. Hence, it is concluded that the identification and prediction of alopecia areata might be straightforward with the help of these new signs such as activation and severity findings.

Although masses of high density at mammography, circumscribed border associated with posterior acoustic enhancement and internal cystic areas at sonography should suggest the diagnosis of phyllodes tumors rather than large sized fibroadenomas, there was a substantial overlap in the mammographic and sonographic characteristics of these two tumors. Therefore, an excisional biopsy would be necessary for equivocal masses.

The aim of this study was to describe the mammographic and sonographic findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis which is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast of unknown etiology. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of 12 cases with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis were retrospectively reviewed. Mammography was performed in all cases, 8 of which showed a focal asymmetric density, 3 had a mass with irregular margins, and 1 had no abnormality. Sonography was performed in 10 cases, and a focal area with inhomogeneous and hypoechoic pattern was depicted in 6 cases, 4 of which were associated with internal tubular hypoechoic structures. One case revealed a hypoechoic mass consistent with malignancy. In 1 case sonography showed an edematous pattern involving nearly the entire breast. Two patients had normal sonograms. If a focal asymmetric density is seen in mammography and inhomogeneous hypoechogenity with internal hypoechoic tubular structures accompany ultrasonographically, these findings should suggest the possibility of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis; however, very often idiopathic granulomatous mastitis mimics a breast carcinoma clinically and the final diagnosis should be reached histopathologically due to high false-positive and false-negative mammographic appearances.

Ulceration, large grey-blue ovoid nests, multiple grey-blue globules, maple leaf-like areas and arborizing telangiectasia, which are specific dermoscopic features for the diagnosis of pigmented BCC, were found to correlate with their histopathologic counterparts. In conclusion, dermoscopy can be described as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of pigmented basal cell carcinomas.

Familial acquired dysplastic nevi carry a risk for the development of melanoma. However, the results in various studies regarding the significance of sporadic dysplastic nevi as a precursor of malignant melanoma (MM), are controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate cyclin D1 expression and Ki67 proliferative index in a group of melanocytic lesions to address the biologic significance of sporadic dysplastic nevi in the progression of melanocytic lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 21 common melanocytic nevi, 42 dysplastic nevi, and 17 primary cutaneous MMs were examined. Standard streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method was used for immunostaining with cyclin D1 and Ki-67 antibody. Nuclear cyclin D1 immunostaining was scored and Ki-67 proliferative index was calculated. Cyclin D1 expression was significantly higher in melanoma than those in other lesions. However, there was no significant difference between dysplastic nevi and common melanocytic nevi in terms of cyclin D1 expression. Ki-67 index was significantly higher in dysplastic nevi compared with common melanocytic nevi and to melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi. There was a significant positive correlation between cyclin D1 expression and Ki-67 proliferative index for each group. The present study indicates significant differences in cyclin D1 expressions and Ki-67 indices among melanocytic lesions. We think that dysplastic nevi are biologically separate from common melanocytic nevi in terms of proliferative activity. Additionally, our results suggest that cyclin D1 expression may be related to malignant phenotype and is associated with high proliferation rate in MM.