The school community may be important in fostering peace within and between people. A major goal of school discipline is to help students develop and learn how to get along in a peaceful way. Given the historic emphasis on justice in school discipline and within peace education programs, we propose the novel idea of "school as a just and merciful community." In this qualitative research study, a series of questions were asked to teachers in the United States in 2000 (N ϭ 69) and 2015 (N ϭ 49) and in China in 2015 (N ϭ 116) to explore their perspectives on the feasibility of the just and merciful community (JMC) approach. The majority of those surveyed across time and culture saw justice alone as insufficient for a peaceful school community. A hybrid of justice and mercy within schools was a shared view. The JMC in school settings may be one path to peace. Public Significance StatementPeace education may be more complete if both justice and mercy are part of the disciplinary process of schools. Justice by itself, as a traditional method of discipline in schools, will not necessarily address the resentments that can build up in both those offended and those offending. Mercy offers a second chance and the recognition and acknowledgment that many carry emotional pain which must be addressed for thriving in the school setting.

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Cryogenic temperature extrusion machining (CT-EM), as a new process, was first applied for preparing ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper strips. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties (hardness and fretting wear) were characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods. Refined grains (450 nm) and high dislocation density could be obtained by CT-EM because of effectively suppressing heat generation and the annihilation of dislocations. As a result, the CT-EM sample exhibited enhanced fretting wear properties, e.g. a much lower friction coefficient (reducing 0.1–0.2) and a lower wear loss (decreasing 32–45%) were achieved due to its enhanced hardness and refined microstructure. In-depth, the delamination and oxidation wear proved to be the primary wear mechanism of the CT-EM sample under dry wear conditions.

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