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The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of preservation methods and preservation times on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values in the tissues of six mollusk species (Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes philippinarum, Acanthochiton seulschnochilon, Littorina brevicula, and Rapana venosa). To identify potential preservation effects on d 13 C and d 15 N values and to examine temporal changes in the effects of preservation, repeated analyses were carried out after 1 day, 5 days, 15 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of preservation. The results showed that drying preservation was the most suitable method for preserving samples, while freezing and chemical preservation significantly affected the stable isotope values compared with those of the controls. The effects of preservatives on the tissues of different mollusk species were statistically significant for both d 13 C and d 15 N values. Shifts in the d 13 C and d 15 N values, due to freezing and chemical preservation, were higher in Acanthochiton seulschnochilon, Littorina brevicula, and Rapana venosa than in the other three species. The effects of preservatives on carbon isotope values were variable. In most cases, the shift of the d 13 C values from the control samples were less than 1% for those of the treated samples. The d 13 C and d 15 N data from the preserved samples could thus be used in food web reconstruction studies. Further studies will be necessary, however, in order to elucidate the effects of preservation type and time on other species.

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In light of the complex operating environment and high maintenance cost of offshore wind power projects, a risk evaluation system is established in accordance with the risk’s features and sources during the operation period of offshore wind power projects. On grounds of the risk evaluation system, a risk assessment method for offshore wind power projects during the operation period is put forward based on the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and a specific project in the South China Sea is evaluated with the assessment model. The results showed that the risk probability is moderate to low, the consequences of the hazards are moderate, and the comprehensive risk rating is moderate for the assessed project during the operation period. It is necessary to follow the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) principle to mitigate the risk. The risk level of offshore wind farms during the operation period can be judged using the evaluation method to provide technical support for prevention and emergency response of the accidents related to the offshore wind power projects.

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