Customer Loyalty has been realized as a significant aspect in the establishment and maintenance of competitive edge in services sectors. Firm’s performance is positively affected with customer loyalty.  Customer Loyalty not only increases the business value but they also allow it to uphold costs lower than those associated with attracting new customers. Now days, banking sectors are promoting Relational marketing which is beneficial for them to build long-term relationship with their customers. Empirical research of this paper examines the extent to which customer Satisfaction in accordance with Perceived Service quality and Trust, Switching Cost, Corporate Image, Customer Involvement Influence the Customer Loyalty in banking sector. For this analysis, Questionnaires were distributed among 150 people and data were collected from 148 questionnaires selected through non-probability sampling technique. Regression and Correlation techniques were used for the analysis of this study. Findings show that there is a direct positive and significant relationship between Customer Satisfaction together with Perceived Service Quality, Corporate Image, Customer involvement and Customer Loyalty. While, Switching Cost has a positive but insignificant relationship on Customer Loyalty.

This study explores the dynamics between disaggregated factors of governance and stock market development for the panel of selected South Asian countries (i.e., Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). Using newly developed data for disaggregates of governance with annual frequency between 1996 and 2014, this study pioneers in South Asian context. Doing so, this study incorporates dynamic panel data technique pool mean group estimation for robust and policy oriented outcomes. The empirical results show that three indicators of governance (control of corruption, accountability and rule of law) have a positive and statistically significant impact on stock market development. The results of long‐run estimations are homogenous across the countries but, the short‐run estimates, and the speed of adjustment towards the long‐run equilibrium are found to be heterogeneous. It could be due to volatility effect of governance in each cross section country. From the policy perspective, the study concludes that the institutional quality and governance are the significant factors on market capitalization in the panel countries. The institutional factors (i.e., control of corruption, accountability and rule of law) support stock market development through high market capitalization, strengthens investor's confidence for long term investment in the countries.

Objective: This study was aim to identify histomorphological changes in the liver of Sprague dawley rats after exposure to Saliyclidene salicylhydrazide and dose dependent histomorphological changes in the liver. Materials and Methods: This study was started from Mar 2019, to June 2019. In this study, acute toxicity of seven days, the sixteen Sprague dawley female rats were selected. They were divided into four groups. Two test groups (A & B). Group A was given 25mg/kg SCS, while in group B 50mg/kg of SCS was given. Positive control group (C) was given paracetamol 300mg/kg. Group D was a negative control group. Each group had four animals. After seven days of exposure to SCS through oral route all the animals were euthanized. Their livers were harvested and processed for preparation of histological slides. These slides were then analyzed by microscopy and histomorphological changes were recorded and analyzed according to Roenigk classification system. Results: Necroinflammatory changes were observed in Group A, B and C compared to Group D(-control). However, difference between Group A and B was not significant. Nuclear pleomorphism was observed in hepatocytes of Group A, B and C compared to group D(control). Pleomorphic changes in the intervention group A & B were same. Steatosis was observed in group A, B and C compared to Group D. Steatosis in group A and B were same while in group C it was relatively more significant. The overall grading according to ROENIGK classification system showed significantly higher toxicity in group B, compared to other intervention groups (A, B, C) and control group D. Conclusion: Significant effects of SCS were observed in liver of Sprague dawley rats, however, the toxic effects were less severe. Liver Parenchyma and architecture were preserved.

The fundamental objective of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to derive the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein type new formula for risk neutral pricing of European compound call option, where the underlying asset is also a European call option. Thirdly, to prove that our newly derived CRR risk neutral pricing formula for compound call option, converges in distribution to the well known, continuous time Black-Scholes formula for pricing the compound call option on call.

Actinomyces are Gram-positive, filamentous rods found endogenously as a part of the normal flora and can be acquired exogenously as they are present in the soil. The most common species known to infect humans is Actinomyces israelii. Five forms of the disease have been identified so far, of which the primary infection of the skin is the most uncommon. It is also commonly considered one of the most misdiagnosed diseases. We present a case of a young male diagnosed with primary cutaneous actinomycosis based on a histopathology specimen after multiple failed diagnoses of Madura foot/mycetoma, cutaneous tuberculosis, and malignancy. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics with the restoration of his functional disability caused by the lesion.