The study was carried out in Tumakuru district of Karnataka state during the year 2019- 20. Eight taluks and 130 farmers were selected where the Custom Hiring Service Centres were working effectively. The majority of the farmers strongly agreed with helps in overcoming the problem of labour through custom hiring service centre, for visiting farmers field after completion of the work, farmers pays only for the number of acres or number of hours used. The overall perception of farmers indicated that 43.8 % were categorized under favourable level of perception towards CHSC. The small and medium-sized farmers could not possess the modern machinery, due to high hiring charges with private vendors they were unable to take the farm machinery for the rent and some of the large farmers also were in great need of the modern machinery thus they require modern machinery through custom hiring. Hence, extension efforts need to be more strengthened to create awareness among the farming community about the services available in CHSCs.

SUMMARY :Soft power is a new form of power, described as the ability to influence other behaviour or ability to shape the preferences of others in such a way that it leads to the achievement of the targeted purpose. In other words, soft power could be seen as the ability to use the power of attraction ability to direct the preference of others a kind of identification and attraction based referent power denoted by perceptions. Therefore, in the present study farmer perception has been selected an indicator soft power and its relationship with agricultural extension services. Present study was conducted on the 220 respondents in two districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh i.e., Varanasi and Mirzapur. Data were obtained on the basis of interview schedule. The findings of chi-square test indicated that there were no significant differences between most of the extension services provided by public or private sectors which mean famer perception towards public and private extension service were found to be different. Finally, the results indicated that in particular services private sector was found to be better than public sector services. Limitations and future research suggestions were also discussed.How to cite this article : Singh, Abhishek Pratap, Jirli, B., Singh, Rahul Kumar and Kumar, Manoj (2017). Perception as an indicator of soft power: Influence on extension services.

The study was conducted with the objectives to problems faced by Orange Growers in Central India District. The study was purposively conducted in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh where Nagpur mandarin orange is the pride fruit of the region. In all, 200 growers were considered for the study. In production aspect Study revealed that Shortage of irrigation water during summer was top most problem faced by the orange growers, Lack of capital rank second followed by High cost of labour third major problem. In processing aspect Study revealed that Lack of storage facilities near production Areas were the first major problems in processing operation of orange, lack of waxing, grading and packing plant were second major problem, Non-availability of processing plant were third problem faced by growers. In marketing aspect Study revealed that Lack of competition among buyers was the first major problem faced by farmers and Lack of market information was the second important problem faced by the growers.

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