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<p>Overall harmonic distortion and losses will grow during an energy conversion process, while power stability will be reduced. Multilevel inverter technologies have recently become very popular as low-cost alternatives for a variety of industrial purposes. The design's minimal benefits include reduced component losses, decreased switching and conduction losses, along with enhanced output voltage and current waveforms. Also, a reduction of the harmonic components of the current and output voltage of the inverter are the most important requirements in multilevel inverters. A seven-level inverter design is presented in this paper that is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The inverter converts the DC voltage from three photovoltaic (PV) systems into AC voltage at seven levels. During an outage of one of the PV systems, the inverter will make a switching reduction and supply the AC voltage as a five-level inverter. The inverter’s total harmonic distortion (THD) when it performs as a five-level or seven-level inverter is 4.19% or 1.13% respectively. The modulation technique used is phase disposition via four carriers and a single reference signal at the fundamental frequency.</p>

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This article discusses in detail the adiabatic models investigations of alpha Stirling engine with study the influence of performance factors; adiabatic analysis is a crucially effective method because it is close to the real and practical engines when compared to isothermal analysis. The numerical model was created using MATLAB software, an extremely useful tool for solving equations. The study includes two adiabatic analysis models: the ideal model, which considers heat transfer is the duty of the heater and cooler when the regenerator is ideal, and the simple model, which considers the loss and the transfer of heat between the regenerator matrix and the working fluid.

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