Researchers are continuously exploring new candidates in the field of natural dyeing to lighten the burden of synthetic dyestuff on living organisms. In this research, novel natural dye was explored using the Caulis spatholobi plant. The extraction was carried out through the conventional extraction method in the aqueous medium. Various parameters of the natural dye extraction process, such as the material-to-liquor ratio, pH, time and temperature, were optimized to 1:40, 12, 120 min and 100℃, respectively. The extract was filtered twice and used for the characterization and dyeing of wool fabric. The extract was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the determination of dominant functional groups. Natural dyeing of wool was carried out with and without metal mordants, such as aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. Pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting and post-mordanting techniques were employed. The performances of dyed fabrics were evaluated in terms of color strength K/ S values. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics were also measured. The dyed fabric showed various color shades based on the type of mordant used. Furthermore, enhancement in the colorfastness was observed with mordanting.

Background In light of the increasing need, for global health care, traditional medical knowledge is receiving considerable attention in order to fulfil the public health needs not only for human health but also animal health. Objectives Thus, the aim of the study is to explore ethnomedicinal uses of plants in human and livestock health care of the study area. Methods Data were gathered through arranged surveys and meeting techniques by focusing on 80 sources in the investigation region during 2018–2020. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were calculated. Results Eighty plant species (33 herbs, 21 shrubs, 24 trees and 2 climbers) belonging to 50 families, distributed in 74 genera, were being used in the study area. Forty‐nine medicinal plants in the treatment of 42 human diseases under 52 natural recipes and 40 plants in 34 livestock diseases under 40 recipes were used, in which 9 plants are used commonly in ethnopharmacy and veterinary medicine. Jaccard index was used to predict the similarity and dissimilarity among cities of Pakistan and reflected the novel use of medicinal plants. Results showed that Boerhavia diffusa, Centella asiatica, Morus nigra, Nasturtium officinale, Rumex hastatus and Sageretia thea have the higher use value (UV). Comparative analysis with other studies strongly reflected the novel use of these plants because of the deep‐rooted and unique sociocultural setup of study area. Conclusions Our research shows that the wild plants used in the study area are extremely varied, both in terms of species and function, and folk medicine is one of the main health care systems in the area.