Streptomycin is an antibiotic contains phenol and an amino group. It is a water-soluble and widely used in agriculture and livestock husbandry. At a high dose, streptomycin could be used in the early treatment of tuberculosis. This work aimed to use a copolymer of nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate as a carrier of streptomycin and study the kinetics of release. Chitosan and Na-alginate are natural polysaccharides, which are biocompatible and applicable in conventional pharmaceutics for drug delivery carrier. Na-alginate (1% w/v) was mixed with nanochitosan (0.13 gm.) and streptomycin (0.1 gm.) was loaded in a total concentration up to 0.1% w/v. The loaded co polymer was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible, SEM/EDS analyses. Results indicated that streptomycin has successfully loaded onto Na-alginate-nanochitosan. The release kinetics of streptomycin loaded at co-polymer nanochitosan-Na-alginate were compared with that of streptomycin loaded at nanochitosan alone. Buffer solutions with different pHs (pH 9.4, 7.4 and 1.2) at l max 275 nm and 37 °C were applied. Results showed that the basic medium (pH 9.4) has improved the release property of streptomycin from Na-alginate-nanochitosan more than that from nanochitosan. Thus, the co-polymer nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate is a promising candidate for drug release applications.

Human activities such as fossil fuel burning, car exhaust, mining, agriculture, and the incineration of solid and liquid wastes all contribute to water pollution by heavy metals, therefore this water poisoning poses a threat to living beings. To minimize the pollution of the natural waters, As the adsorption process of metal in solutions, it is critical to identify effective strategies for getting rid of these toxins. This study involves the characterization and synthesis of novel activated carbon nanoparticles (AC) from natural sources (barley) and is applied in an adsorption study to remove cadmium metal. (AC) characterization using XRD, SEM and it was nanoscale in size and particle-like in shape also BET for specific surface area nitrogen adsorption isotherm nitrogen) 718.01 ) and Average pore diameter as (16.851(Å)), from the adsorption experimental data, the results are best described by the Freundlich isotherm model, which has an adsorption removal 76.86% with exothermic process.

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NiO nanoparticle synthesis by chemical method and characterized by XRD with crystal size 11.72 nm and grain size 13 nm from FESEM image also NiO micro used ,two NiO as an additive to evaluate the possibility of producing photodegradable polymers, the practical application of solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC- NiO composite films) was investigated. PVC has a negative impact on the environment since its polymer degrades slowly, yet it has a wide range of industrial applications and the amount used shows no evidence of diminishing use. Thus, a synthesis of modified PVC- NiO micro and nano has been studied with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 (hours) as irradiation time and a number of spectroscopic analyses such as FTIR and UV-VIS. Additionally, the effects of adding nanostructures to PVC chains on optical stability testing procedures were examined through indices (ICO, IPO, and IOH), weight loss measurements, UV and viscosity.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is one of the main synthetic materials used widely in many applications of our life aspects today. Though, the practical usage of it was always affected by some destructive factors like UV-light and heat. The optical and surface characteristics of pure and modified PVC thin films were compared throughout a temperature range of 25–55 °C. It was found that the intensity of the amine group in modified PVC varied with temperature. Surface morphology properties studied by AFM results; the ionic liquid was proven to comparably increases the stability of PVC surface while the roughness was less than pure PVC with increasing temperature. Optical microscope pictures, manifest PVC as drops at 55 °C, while, in modified PVC at the same temperature, the PVC surface was noticeably more stable. Finally, the energy gap of PVC pure and modified PVC thin films are studied. At 55 °C, the modified PVC's energy gap value increased from 3.64 eV at ambient temperature to 4.28 eV. This makes it more isolated when compared to pure PVC, which has an energy gap of 3.04 eV at ambient temperature and 3.1 eV at 55 °C and is a semiconductor.