Factors that cause differences in tooth size are inter alia gender, race, and the presence of dental anomalies whether in the forms of abnormalities in location, size, shape, or number of teeth which can cause dental malocclusion. This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in tooth size of Javanese men and women who had Angle Class I malocclusion based on Bolton's analysis. This was an analytical and observational study. Samples consisted of 54 dental models with Angle Class I malocclusion of the Javanese ethnic group divided into two groups, namely 27 male dental models and 27 female dental models. The mesiodistal width of each tooth was calculated except for the second and third molars. The calculation of the anterior ratio and the overall ratio was based on the Bolton analysis formula. Each sample was calculated for the upper and lower jaws, and then the results of the calculations were processed and analyzed using the independent t-test. The anterior ratio of the female had a value of 79.8081±3.45013, the anterior ratio of the males had a value of 78.7763± 3.55517, the overall ratio of the females had a value of 92.5041±1.97414, and the overall ratio of the male had a value of 92.2807±2.61955. In conclusion, by Bolton analysis, there was no significant difference in tooth sizes between Javanese men and women who had Angle Class I malocclusion. Keywords: tooth size; Bolton analysis; Angle Class I malocclusion; Javanese   Abstrak: Perbedaan ukuran gigi disebabkan antara lain oleh jenis kelamin, ras, dan adanya anomali gigi berupa kelainan letak, ukuran, bentuk, dan jumlah gigi yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya maloklusi gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan ukuran gigi laki-laki dan perempuan suku Jawa yang mengalami maloklusi kelas I Angle berdasarkan analisis Bolton dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik. Sampel berjumlah 54 model gigi dengan maloklusi kelas I Angle yang berasal dari suku Jawa, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 27 model gigi laki-laki dan 27 model gigi perempuan. Model gigi yang didapat dilakukan perhitungan lebar mesiodistal setiap gigi kecuali gigi molar kedua dan molar ketiga. Perhitungan rasio anterior dan rasio keseluruhan berdasarkan rumus analisis Bolton. Setiap sampel dilakukan perhitungan rahang atas dan rahang bawah, kemudian hasil perhitungan diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan uji t-test independent. Rasio anterior perempuan memiliki nilai 79,8081±3,45013, rasio anterior laki-laki memiliki nilai 78,7763±3,55517, rasio keseluruhan perempuan memiliki nilai 92,5041±1,97414, dan rasio keselu-ruhan laki-laki memiliki nilai 92,2807±2,61955. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah dengan analisis Bolton, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna ukuran gigi antara laki-laki dan perempuan suku Jawa yang memiliki maloklusi Kelas I Angle. Kata kunci: ukuran gigi; analisis Bolton; maloklusi kelas I Angle; suku Jawa

Background: Bleaching is the procedure of re-whitening teeth that have darkened to a shade near to their natural hue. Due to the unfavorable impact of chemical bleaching materials on enamel demineralization, the quest for natural bleaching solutions that have the same whitening effect while minimizing the negative consequences is encouraged. The punica granatum fruit is one of the natural components that can be employed. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the application of white pomegranate extract as an external bleach on the physical properties of the enamel surface of the tooth. Methods: thirty post-extraction bovine teeth were divided into treatment and control groups, then enamel surface hardness was measured using a Micro Vickers Hardness Tester, enamel surface roughness using a Surface Roughness test, and calcium levels using an EDS SEM tool before application of white pomegranate extract which is performed for 2 hours a day for two weeks. After two weeks, the enamel surface hardness, enamel surface roughness, and calcium levels were measured again. Results: The results of the treatment group using white pomegranate extract showed that there was no decrease in enamel surface hardness (p>0.05), a decrease in enamel roughness (p<0.05), and no decrease in calcium levels (p>0.05). The control group's results using 16% carbamide peroxide showed a decrease in the hardness and surface roughness of the enamel, but it did not decrease the calcium content. Conclusion: white pomegranate extract can be used as an external bleaching agent because of not reduce the surface hardness, reduce the surface roughness and not reduced the calsium of the enamel tooth

Background: Poor oral hygiene increases the risk of dental caries. One of the efforts to improve oral hygiene is to remove plaque regularly by using miswak. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectivity of correct habits of miswak in improving oral hygiene behaviour in school children. Material and methods: Study was given to 31 participants with an age range of 10-15 years at secondary school at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The method is carried out through 3 stages, which were the field data collection, field intervention, and the establishment of a sustainability program. Field data collection was carried out through a questionnaire method and skill assessment using miswak with a pre-test and post-test design. The intervention uses poster media, and to ensure the sustainability of program implementation, collaboration with institutions is carried out in the procurement of miswak facilities and mandatory miswak programs in the Madrasah environment. Indicator analysis was carried out through a paired 2-group comparative test with a 95% confidence level processed with IBM SPPS 21. Results: Wilcoxon statistical test before and after the delivery of intervention materials showed an increase in knowledge and skills (p <0.05) of the participants. Increased awareness of oral hygiene behavior in intervention participants is known through increasing both knowledge and skills in maintaining oral hygiene before and after intervention. Conclusion: It can be concluded that miswak is effective in improving oral hygiene behavior in school children aged 10-15 years.