: Despite improvement in Wexner scores, at the latest follow-up sacral nerve modulation was only being used by slightly more than 50% of the patients who started the first phase of treatment. Further studies are needed to reassess the efficacy and sustainability of sacral nerve modulation.

No abstract

RUDI with GSV interposition for HFA offers acceptable patency rates after 3 years although re-interventions are often required. High immediate post-operative flows and young age are associated with recurrent high flow.

Three predictive factors were negatively associated with the outcome of test stimulation: older age, repeated procedures, and a defect in the external anal sphincter. These factors may indicate lower chances of success for test stimulation but do not exclude patients from sacral nerve modulation treatment. Although assessed in a selected patient group, no factors were predictive of the outcome of permanent stimulation.

Basilic vein transposition for an unsuitable upper arm needle access segment may attenuate hand ischemia in patients with a brachial AVF previously reporting hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia.