The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Antibody Structure 1.2. Monoclonal Antibodies 1.3. Human Antibodies 2. Monoclonal Antibodies in Research Applications 3. Human Monoclonal Antibody Technologies 3.1. Chimeric Antibodies 3.2. Humanized Antibodies (CDR Grafting) 3.3. Fully Human Antibodies 3.3.1. Human Antibody Libraries 3.3.1.1. Antibody Libraries Derived from Immunized Donors 3.3.1.2. Naïve Libraries and Semisynthetic Libraries 3.3.1.3. Fully Synthetic Human Antibody Libraries 3.3.2. Human Antibodies from Transgenic Animals 4. Therapeutic Antibodies 4.1. Historical 4.2. Nomenclature 4.3. Therapeutic Application and Molecular Targets 4.4. Antibody Varieties and Mechanisms of Action 5. Production 6. Purification 7. Outlook