OBJECTIVE:To test the effectiveness of sunflower seed oil (SSO) and liquid Vaseline (LV) in maintaining skin integrity in term and preterm neonates in the neonatal ICU. Because the skin of the neonate is still immature, disruption of skin integrity is a commonly observed problem. METHODS:In this randomized controlled study, 90 preterm and term neonates in the neonatal ICU of a state hospital were equally divided into three groups. The skin condition of the neonates in all three groups was assessed using the Neonatal Skin Condition Score (NSCS); assessments were made a total of nine times at 48-hour intervals. The skin of the neonates in the first group was moisturized with SSO, and the second group was moisturized with LV, once a day, a total of 16 times. Moisturizer was not applied to the skin of the third group of neonates (the control group). RESULTS:The median gestational age was 37.0 weeks (range, 36.0-38.0 weeks).After the third evaluation, the median NSCS scores for the neonates in the SSO and LV groups were significantly lower than for those in the control group (P < .001). The control group's median NSCS scores did not change throughout the period of the study. CONCLUSIONS:Both SSO and LV are harmless to the skin of neonates and can be used to maintain their skin integrity. More advanced studies are needed to evaluate the effects of topical oils on maintaining skin integrity.