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Clays are nontoxic, inexpensive, abundant, and have great potential as catalytic carriers because of their special structure, surface, and suitability for supporting transition metals. In this study, sepiolite was used as a ligand for the heterogenization of palladium chloride on Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle surface as a novel, high temperature stable, and recoverable green catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 @sepiolite-Pd 2þ ). The catalytic activity of this system was tested in the reduction of nitroarene compounds and the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The catalyst structure was characterized using spectroscopic data and magnetic and thermal techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis.

A short route toward β-lactams from tolmetin has been developed. In the key step, a ketene was generated on the C-2 of pyrrole ring and reacted with aromatic imines to form trans-β-lactams as the only observed products. The identification of the ketene was confirmed by reaction with the stable free radical TEMPO (TO·).

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