In this study the biodiversity and relative abundance of Collembola was evaluated in two different ecosystems, citrus orchard and forest in Mazandaran province, Iran. Samples were carried out during 2016 and 2017. Species richness, biodiversity and the indices of similarity were calculated. The results of T-Test showed that in two years (2016 and 2017), the values of Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson species diversity index were significantly different between sampling areas (Pvalue<0.05), but the values of Margalef richness and Pielou evenness index were not significantly (Pvalue˃0.05). In the year 2016, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou evenness and Margalef species richness in Dasht-e Naz forest were 1.92 ± 0.1, 0.83 ± 0.03, 2.01 ± 0.2 and 0.94 ± 0.04 respectively, and in citrus orchard were 1.44 ± 0.11, 0.73 ± 0.02, 1.46 ± 0.37 and 0.9 ± 0.03 respectively. Also, in the year 2017, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou evenness and Margalef species richness in Dasht-e Naz forest were 1.79 ± 0.05, 0.81 ± 0.08, 1.38 ± 0.25 and 0.94 ± 0.09 respectively, and in citrus orchard were 0.98 ± 0.22, 0.58 ± 0.08, 1.02 ± 0.35 and 0.95 ± 0.05 respectively. In general, the results showed that the abundance and biodiversity of Collembola in Dasht-e Naz forest was higher than in citrus orchard.

The genus Taeniothrips Amyot & Serville is belonging in the subfamily Thripinae with only one species in Iran. Here, the second species, T. eucharii (Whetzel) is newly recorded from the country. Male and female specimens of this species have been collected on the flowers of Ixiolirion tataricum (Amaryllidaceae) from Ilam province (west of Iran).

Some thrips species are known as predators of eggs, exist as the inactive stages of mites, and can be tiny, especially phytophagous thrips. This study aimed at evaluating the population fluctuation and species diversity of predatory thrips in wheat fields of Eyvan county (Ilam province, Iran) in the year 2016. Thrips specimens were collected and identified by weekly sampling during wheat growth stages (from early April to late June). Wheat bushes were shaken on a white dish. Finally, microscopic slides were prepared and all samples were enumerated. The population fluctuation of predatory thrips was calculated. In this study, six species of predatory thrips belonging to three genera were identified. Amongst them, Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall (family Aeolothripidae) was the dominant species in both irrigated and rainfed wheat fields accounting for 72.43% and 50.85% of all species, respectively. Biodiversity indices were calculated using the number of species and their relative abundance. Shannon diversity, Simpson’s, Margalef’’s and species richness indices were 1.76, 0.86, 1.25 and 1, respectively. The highest biodiversity was in rainfed fields and during the wheat flowering stage, and the highest Shannon-Wiener evenness index was also in rainfed fields and at the ripening stage. The richness of thrips in rainfed wheat fields during the stem elongation stage was higher than in other wheat stages. Correlation of the density of predatory thrips with temperature and humidity showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature.

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