Despite the increasing simulation methods used by the research of transportation infrastructure resilience in the past decade, a comprehensive review of these simulation methods is lacking. Thus, this paper conducted an in-depth review of the major simulation methods adopted by the existing transportation infrastructure resilience literature, which are Monte Carlo simulation, network-based simulation, numerical simulation, and agent-based modeling and simulation. The four simulation methods were reviewed from three perspectives, namely purposes of simulation, data demands, and modeling approaches. Finally, based on the review results, this paper proposed three directions for that the research may go towards in the future. This paper contributes to the current body of knowledge by reviewing the simulation methods adopted by the research of transportation infrastructure resilience. This paper is useful to the practice as well, as it provides practitioners with a holistic view of the practical application of transportation infrastructure resilience simulation, which can enhance their knowledge and skills in this regard.