Ülkeler kendi çiftçilerini çeşitli araçlarla desteklemektedir. Hibe şeklinde destekleme modeli giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dış kaynaklı bir kırsal kalkınma projesince desteklenen örtü altı sebze yetiştiriciliği hibe programının Sarıveliler ilçesindeki uygulaması değerlendirilmiştir. Çiftçilerden 62'si programdan yararlanmış, 62'si yararlanmamış olmak üzere toplam 124 anket yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ki kare ve Mann Whitney U testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucu hibe programından yararlanan ve yararlanmayan çiftçiler arasında; tarımsal gelir, bilgi kaynakları ve daha önce başka bir hibe programından yararlanma yönünden istatistiksel olarak farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu iki grup arasında çiftçilerin eğitim durumları, deneyimleri ve toplam arazi miktarları açısından bir fark görülmemiştir. Ayrıca çiftçilerin farklı kaynaklardan elde ettikleri gelir ile tarıma yatırım yapma konusunda kararsız oldukları görülmüştür. Tarımsal geliri yüksek olan çiftçiler, hibe programlarından yararlanarak yine tarıma yatırım yapmaktadır. Hibe programından yararlanmanın, bir yeniliğin kabulü ve yatırım kararını içerdiği gözden kaçırılmamalıdır. Bu nedenle programlar mutlaka kapsamlı bir yayım faaliyeti ile tanıtılmalıdır. Çiftçilerin gelirlerini artıracak etkin üretim modellerinin tanıtılması için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, kadınların programdan yararlanma oranı % 17, yararlanıcıların ortalama yaşı 45'tir. Bu durum hibe programlarından kadınların ve gençlerin daha fazla yararlanması için gerekli önlemler alınması gereğini ortaya koymaktadır.

The Rural Area Potential Impact of Metropolitan Law No. 6360 AbtractTurkey has started a new administration restructuring with "Metropolitan Municipolity Low" after 2014. Special provincial administration abolihed from serving rural area and this task was given to metropolitan municipolities in the disstrict provinces. As the result of this case 16561 villages legal entity abolished and can verted into neigborhod in 30 provinces. The introduction of public services to village settlement brings increased burdan of metropolitan and district municipolities and it has led to concern of not providing adequate services. As well as metropolitan and district munipolities were given the authority to support agriculture and animal husbandory services. This new status is unknow how to it will affect agriculture and rural areas. This study aims to take precautions to identify the effect of verted the administrative structure for %52 of Turkey.

Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns, is one of the important branches of animal husbandry. Beekeeping has an important place in Yozgat's agricultural sector with 411 enterprises. At the end of 2019, there are a total of 29,370 beehives in Yozgat. Honey production has been less than the general of Turkey according to the presence of hive. Achieving more efficient production is possible by identifying the problems in the current production. With this study, it was determined the technical and socio-cultural structures of the existing beekeeping enterprises in Yozgat city center and its districts through a survey study. For this purpose, information about the enterprises was obtained from the Yozgat Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Yozgat Beekeepers' Association. A sample of 135 beekeepers was created by examining the data of a total of 411 beekeepers. The survey was conducted with these selected beekeepers. According to the findings, a statistically significant difference was found between beekeeper groups in terms of experience of breeders, ownership of land and honey yield. Therefore, it can be said that the scale of the enterprise has grown in parallel with the increase in the experience of the breeders. Similarly, property land assets increase according to the scale of the enterprise. On the other hand, it is observed that honey yield decreases with the increase in scale in beekeeping enterprises. This means that the efficiency of the enterprises in Yozgat province decreases with the scale growth.

Many studies have revealed that unconscious and intensive use of pesticides causes significant environmental and health problems. In this sense, it is important to investigate the awareness level of pesticide use by producers. The basic material of the study consists of the data obtained from the survey carried out with the farmers producing fruit and vegetables in 10 specified villages in the central county of Tokat province. 110 questionnaires were applied in respect of the production rates of the villages. the data belong to 2017 between October and December. The data obtained from the survey revealed that 97% of the fruit and vegetable producers in Tokat use pesticides but 50% of them have no information about the contents of the pesticides they use. It is observed that they depend on their own experiences (50%) and the recommendations of the pesticide dealers (80%). 55% of the producers stated that the pesticide usage expenditures vary between 2 to 5 thousand Turkish Liras. These expenditure rates, which are quite high in terms of total production cost, shows that pesticides are widely used. Producers state that they use not more than gloves and masks while using pesticides as they accept their unconsciousness of the harms of pesticides to the human and environmental health, whereas they have no opinion about the danger of the residual rates of pesticides on food security. However they indicated that they will not be indifferent to possible informative trainings to be held in their villages or area. In this context, it is necessary to educate producers by experts in raising awareness of them and to ensure the continuity of these educations and to analyze the feedback of the educations by making pesticide residue analyzes.

In this study, the interaction between potato production and its price from 1991 to 2012 was analyzed using Koyck approach, one of the distributed lag econometric models. The amount of potato production can increase or decrease in the current year based on the prices of previous year, as a product that is appropriate for cobweb theorem, one of economic facts. According to the results of Koyck model, it was determined that potato was affected by the prices of maximum two years retrospectively, and that 1.45 years were needed so that the change in potato prices could have a significant and considerable effect on potato production. On the other hand, while a TL 1 increase in potato prices in the current year increased potato production 711151.80 tons, a TL 1 increase in the prices of previous year increased the production 421001.86 tons and a TL 1 increase in potato prices two years previously caused 249233.10 tons increase in production. In conclusion, the following issues can be considered as measures to be taken economically: creating producer-consumer chain by setting up effective marketing organizations and therefore avoiding problems such as surplus supply or surplus demand, creating both more efficient and better quality production structure by planning the production, and providing stable production and stable price policies by establishing supply and demand balance.