BoNT-A treatment resulted in patients having, on average, approximately seven more (1 week) headache-free days compared to baseline. Although at the primary time point (day 180) the BoNT-A treatment resulted in a 1.5 between-group difference compared to placebo, this difference was not statistically significant. The treatment met secondary efficacy outcome measures, including the percentage of patients experiencing a 50% or more decrease in the frequency of headache days, in addition to statistically significant reductions in headache frequency. BoNT-A was also well tolerated in patients with CDH.

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In an effort to draw attention to tests and procedures associated with low-value care in headache medicine, the American Headache Society (

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The reader is referred to the updated review 2 for a detailed discussion of the literature and the EDX techniques for the assessment of CTS which are summarized here. Both reviews addressed the following key clinical questions: