En s'appuyant sur de nombreuses publications récentes, ce texte propose une interprétation générale du lieu comme symbole et comme figure de rhétorique du territoire. Après avoir étudié les processus en vertu desquels certains lieux pouvaient référer à des réalités territoriales, historiques et sociales d'un autre ordre ou d'une autre échelle, il est proposé une conception du territoire qui combine une spatialité proprement géographique et une spatialité symbolique.
Since the 1990s, many 'project regions' have emerged in Europe, a trend deriving from the tendency to adopt ad hoc institutions for specific spatial and environmental issues and the empowerment of diverse stakeholders who compete with the dominant role of States. This article addresses the building of institutionalized mountain regions in Europe, analysing how the specificity of mountain areas was considered in policies by States and the European Union, and later for transnational mountain ranges. Environmental and transboundary issues have been major driving forces for new institutional arrangements combining a territorial and environmental focus and complex networks of stakeholders.
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