This paper assesses the existence of both greater profitability for large-scale farms and economies of scale in the French viticulture sector, thereby confirming or invalidating the argument put forward by the European Commission to justify the abolition of vine planting rights. According to this argument (1) economic efficiency increases with the extension of the vine area in vineyards, and (2) vine planting rights prevent the expansion of farms.This article discusses the issue of economies of scale in agriculture and focuses on specific matters related to viticulture. The key issue of our demonstration lies in the impossibility of defining economies of scale by comparing the profits of farms producing different types of product at different prices. By using an assessment of these variables through FADN, it proposes and justifies the interest of using a measurement of output which is the net value added per unit of labor.The report prepared on behalf of the European Parliament is criticized as it demonstrates a positive correlation between size and efficiency, without taking account of the broad farm gate price dispersion for wine. This article demonstrates that in the case of France, over the period 2005-2007, farm size has little impact on performance. The significant differences observed are the result of differences in the selling price of wine.In summary, the main argument put forward by the European Commission to justify canceling vine planting rights is not adapted to the case of France because it considers wine as a single product sold at a single price.
Cette étude cherche à rendre compte des spécificités des revenus des viticulteurs, au regard de ceux des autres agriculteurs, quant à leur niveau, leur hétérogénéité, leur absence de lien apparent avec la productivité physique du travail et leur dépendance envers le niveau de prix de vente du vin (NDLR).
[fre] Une série chronologique des concours publics (nationaux et européens) à l'agriculture française avant la réforme de la PAC est construite à partir des "Blancs" budgétaires. Une nomenclature mieux adaptée à la situation actuelle est ensuite proposée pour l'année 1991, elle sera utilisée dans l'avenir. Les données ainsi obtenues permettent de repérer les domaines aidés : essentiellement protection sociale et activité agricole productive. Au sein de celle-ci, le soutien des prix sur les marchés occupe une place dominante. L'évolution dans le temps de ces aides permet d'apprécier leur importance dans l'économie agricole et dans l'ensemble des aides à l'activité économique. [eng] Public subsidies to the french agriculture : structures and evolution . A chronological list of public subsidies (national and european) to French agriculture before the CAP reform is elaborated from state budget documents ("Blancs"). A better adjusted nomenclature to the present situation is proposed for 1991 and will bill used in the future. So, the obtained data allow to point out the subsidised fields : mainly social protection and productive agricultural activity. Within this latter one, the support of price's level takes up a more and more dominant place. The progressive evolution of this subsidies allows an estimation of its importance in the agricultural economics and in all the subsidies to economic activity.
[eng] This article analyzes the dynamics of farms structures from a specific census processing ; in the same time it studies the evolutions of farms and the changes in families in France. The flow between kinds of farms or families maintains the heterogenity of structures. The evolution of farms (upholding, death, increase or decrease) are tightly linked to the evolution of families (number and characteristics of persons, line-up). Although they disappear more frequently, all kinds of small farms and small-scaled families (one person, part-time, retirement...) are renewed because of the déclin of large farms and full families. [fre] A partir d'un traitement spécifique des Recensements et Enquêtes agricoles, cet article analyse la dynamique des structures de production en étudiant simultanément les évolutions des exploitations et les transformations des familles en France. Les flux entre catégories d'exploitations ou de familles entretiennent l'hétérogénéité des structures. L'évolution des exploitations (maintien ou disparition, croissance ou régression) s'avère intimement liée à l'évolution des familles (effectif et caractéristiques des personnes, composition). Bien que disparaissant plus fréquemment que les autres, toutes les formes de petites exploitations et de familles réduites (une seule personne, temps partiel, retraite...) se trouvent renouvelées par la régression de grandes exploitations et de familles complètes.
[fre] Depuis les lois de décentralisation des années 80, les interventions économiques des départements et des régions se sont renforcées. Leur inventaire, pour l'agriculture, pour les années 1992 et 1995, montre qu'elles s'élèvent à environ 3 milliards de francs, soit moins de 5 % du montant des aides nationales et européennes. Ces soutiens agricoles locaux sont fortement corrélés au nombre d'actifs agricoles, alors que les aides nationales et européennes le sont au volume de la valeur ajoutée agricole. Une analyse des mécanismes économiques sur lesquels portent les interventions locales montre la contribution potentielle de certaines d'entre elles au maintien ou au développement de l'emploi local. [eng] Local agricultural policies and employment . Since the laws of decentralisation in the eighties, French local authorities at departmental and regional levels have reinforced their economical interventions. Their review, for the agricultural part, has been realised for years 1992 and 1995 and reveals that the agricultural local spending represent about 3 billions French francs, so less than 5% of National and European subsidies. There is a high correlation between local agricultural policies and farm working population, whereas National and European spending are related to the agricultural gross added value. The analysis of the economical mechanisms, on which these local policies have an impact shows a probable contribution of some of them on local employment maintenance or development.
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