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Questions surrounding the rights of States and individuals under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR) have received significant attention from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over the past two decades. In three cases before the Court, Paraguay, Germany, and Mexico have submitted claims in which they have sought to protect the individual rights of their citizens by applying the international legal principles of diplomatic protection and consular assistance enshrined in the VCCR. Within each of these cases, the Court has adjudged the respect for the rights of States and their nationals when finding that a breach of due process of law has occurred. Through the LaGrand case and the Avena case, respectively, Germany and Mexico have each played critical roles in preserving individual rights guaranteed by the VCCR.