OBJECTIVE:Cigarette smoking carries higher risks for most of the chronic diseases. It also has chronic and acute effects on the hematologic system. This study explores the effects of cigarette smoking on some blood values of the healthy young male smokers.METHODS:In this study, cigarette smoking and usage of substance, additional diseases, birth places, and education levels of 171 healthy male subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years were investigated. Anthropometric measurements of the cases were obtained. Thyroid function tests, vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, ferrous/ıron, total ıron binding capacity, leucocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean platelet volume (MPV), HBs AG, Anti-HBs and Anti-HIV were evaluated. Groups of smokers and nonsmokers were compared. The group of smokers was also sorted into subgroups of “2 year-smokers”, “5 year-smokers” and “10 year-smokers” according to their pack-years of smoking. The effects of pack-years of smoking on the blood values were also investigated.RESULTS:The MCV values of the group of smokers were higher than the values of nonsmokers, which were statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result of the subgroup analyses of smokers, the white blood cell (WBC) counts of the individuals smoking for 5 or more years were significantly higher than those with a history of smoking less than 5 years, (p<0.05).CONCLUSION:This study supports the idea that cigarette smoking and especially longer durations of smoking have adverse effects on the hematologic parameters.

Objectives:Hormonal changes during oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use may affect central corneal thickness (CCT) values. We aimed to evaluate the impact of OCP use on CCT values in healthy young women.Materials and Methods:Fifty women subjects who use OCP for contraception (Group 1) and forty control subjects (Group 2) who do not use OCP were included in this prospective study. None of the patients had any history of systemic or ocular diseases. The CCT values measured by ultrasonic pachymeter (Nidek US-4000 Echoscan, Japan) and the intraocular pressure (IOP) values were measured by noncontact tonometer (Reichert 7 CR Corneal Response Technology, USA) at the time of admission to our clinic. The demographic findings and body mass index (BMI) scores of participants were also recorded.Results:The mean ages were 32.8 ± 5.6 for OCP + patients (Group 1) and 31.3 ± 6.9 for OCP-patients (Group 2) (P = 0.28). The mean CCT values were significantly higher in Group 1 when compared to that of the Group 2 (540.9 ± 30.4 μm and 519.6 ± 35.6 μm, respectively) (P = 0.003). The mean IOP value was 14.3 ± 2.5 mmHg in Group 1 and 14.4 ± 2.7 mmHg in Group 2 (P = 0.96). The mean BMI scores were 24.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2 in Group 1 and 24.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2 in Group 2 (P = 0.83).Conclusion:Our findings revealed that CCT values were significantly higher in patients with OCP use. Ophthalmologists should be aware of potential elevated CCT levels in these patients.

Background: Chronic myeloproliferative diseases are clonal stem cell diseases which occur as a result of uncontrollable growth and reproduction of hematopoietic stem cells, which are the myeloid series source in bone marrow. Recent studies have suggested that chronic inflammation can be a triggering factor in the clonal change in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMPN). In our study, we evaluated the existence of a chronic inflammation process in our Philadelphia negative (Ph-)CMPN patients using inflammation parameters in combination with demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of the patients. Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratorial data, and thrombosis histories of 99 Ph-CMPN patients, who were diagnosed at our outpatient clinic of hematology in accordance with WHO 2008 criteria, were analyzed retrospectively,with 80 healthy individuals of matching gender and age included as controls. Complete blood counts, sedimentation, C reactive protein (CRP), JAK V617F gene mutations, abdomen ultrasound images and previous thrombosis histories of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Ph-CMPN and healthy control groups included 99 and 80 cases, respectively. PV, ET and MF diagnoses of patients were 43 (%43.4), 44 (44.4%) and 12 (12.1%), respectively. JAK V617F gene mutation was found to be positive in 64 (71.1%) of all cases and in 27(65.8%), 32 (82%), 5 (50%) of the cases in PV, ET and PMF groups, respectively. Thrombosis was determined as 12 (12%) in the entire group, 12.5% in the JAK V617F negative and 15.3% in the positive patients, with no statistical significance (p=0.758). No significant difference was observed between patients with and without previous thrombosis history in respect to hemogram parameters, sedimentation and CRP (p>0.05), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), erythrocyte distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV) and sedimentation levels of the patient.

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and is the leading cause of blindness among adults. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in DR pathogenesis. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a reliable inflammatory and oxidative stress marker in various cardiovascular diseases, but there is a little data regarding its usefulness in ocular diseases. Thus, we aimed to investigate the correlation between RDW and DR in this study. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : A total of 180 patients with type 2 DM were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. A hundred-forty nine patients (82.77%) had no DR and, thirty one patients (17.22%) had DR. Complete blood cell parameters including RDW and biochemical tests including hemoglobin A1c were noted at the time of first ophthalmic examination. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : RDW values were higher in DR (+) group than DR (-) group (14.92±1.71% vs. 13.81±1.00%, respectively, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, RDW remained an independent predictor of DR (Odds ratio [OR] 1.691, 95% confidence interval (1.036-2.763), p=0.036) together with duration of DM (OR 1.199, p<0.001) and hemoglobin A1c (OR 2.366, p=0.006). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Elevated RDW levels were significantly associated with DR in patients with type 2 DM. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Diabetic retinopathy; erythrocyte indices; inflammation; oxidative stress Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Diyabetik retinopati (DR), Tip 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) hastalığının ciddi bir komplikasyonu ve erişkinlerde körlüğün en önde gelen sebebidir. İnflamasyon ve oksidatif stres DR patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynar. Kırmızı hücre dağılım genişliği [Red cell distribution width (RDW)] pek çok kalp ve damar hastalığında güvenilir bir inflamasyon ve oksidatif stres belirtecidir, ancak göz hastalıklarında kullanımının yararı konusunda mevcut bilgi azdır. Bu nedenle çal-ışmamızda, RDW ile DR arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya Tip 2 DM tanılı 180 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların 149'unda DR tespit edilmedi (%82,77), 31 hastada DR mevcuttu (%17,22). RDW dahil olmak üzere tam kan sayımı parametreleri ve hemoglobin A1c ölçümünü içeren kan biyokimya testlerinin ilk muayenedeki değerleri kayıt edildi. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : DR mevcut hastalarda RDW değerleri, DR olmayanlara göre daha yüksek idi (%14,92±1,71, %13,81±1,00, p<0,001). Multivaryant analizinde; DM süresi (Odds oranı-OR; 1,199, p<0,001) ve hemoglobin A1c düzeyi ile birlikte (OR: 2,366, p=0,006), RDW değeri DR için bağımsız bir etken olarak bulundu (OR: 1,691, %95 güven aralığı (1,036-2,763), p=0,036). S So on nu uç ç: : Yüksek RDW değerleri, Tip 2 DM hastalarında DR varlığı ile anlamlı olarak ilişkilidir.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Diyabetik retinopati; eritrosit indeksleri; inflamasyon; oksidatif s...

Amaç: Çalışmamızda emzirmenin ve özellikle emzirme süresinin, kadında tip 2 diyabet gelişimine etkisini araştırdık. Yöntem: Çalışmamız 40-65 yaş arasındaki 410'u tip 2 diyabetik, 410'u nondiyabetik vakayla, retrospektif olarak yapıldı. Nondiyabetik grubumuz; son üç ay içinde bakılan kan glukoz düzeyleri, oral glukoz tolerans testi (OGTT) sonuçları normal olanlardan oluşturuldu. Tüm vakaların eğitim durumu, ilk gebelik yaşı, çocuk sayısı, ne kadar süre emzirdiği ve diyabetik kadınların kaç yıldır diyabet oldukları sorgulandı. Bulgular: Diyabetli vakalarımızın toplam emzirme süresi medyan değeri 18 ay, nondiyabetiklerimizin ise 22 ay olarak tespit edildi (p>0.05). Toplam emzirme süresini üç aydan az, üç ay üzeri, altı aydan az, 6-12 ay, 12 ay üzeri şeklinde gruplandırdığımızda her iki grupta toplam emzirme sürelerinde anlamlı farklılık gösterilemedi (p>0.05). Emzirme süresini, bir seferde en az üç ay ve altı ay olarak sınıflandırdığımızda; üç ay emzirme oranları her iki grupta benzerlik göstermekteydi, bir seferde en az altı ay emzirme oranı ise diyabetik olmayan vakalarımızda daha yüksek saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç: En az bir çocuğunu en az altı ay emzirme oranı, diyabetik olmayan vakalarımızda yüksek saptanmıştır. Toplam emzirme süresinin diyabet oluşumuna herhangi bir etkisi saptanmadı, ancak tek seferde altı ayın üzerinde emzirme süresi ile diyabet oluşumunda anlamlı bir azalma tespit edildi. Anahtar kelimeler: Diyabet, emzirme süresi ABSTRACT:The effects of the period of breast feeding on the development of Type 2 diabetes in women Objective: In this study, we searched the effects of breastfeeding, especially the effects of the period of breast feeding on the development of type-2 diabetes in women. Method: The study included 410 participants who were type-2 diabetic and 410 participants who were non-diabetic. The age of the participants were among 40 and 65. The study was carried out retrospectively. The non-diabetic group was composed of the participants whose the blood glucose levels and the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test results had been normal for 3 months. All of the participants were researched and questioned for their education levels, how many children they had, their ages of first pregnancy, how long they had breastfeed and how long they had been diabetic. Result: It was found out that the median value of the total period of diabetic participants' breastfeeding was 18 months and the median value of the total period of the non-diabetic participants' breast feeding was 22 months (p>0.05). When we categorized the total perid of breastfeeding as "less than 3 months'', "more than 3 months'', "less than 6 months'', "6-12 months'', "12 months and more than 12 months'', meaningful difference wasn't found out in terms of total period of breastfeeding for both of the groups (p>0.05). When we categorized the period of breastfeeding as "at least 3 months at a time'' or "6 months at a time'', the rates of breastfeeding for 3 months were found out to be similar for both groups; however, the rates of breastfeeding...