Recurrent ADEM may be more prevalent than previously recognized. Patients who relapse tend to have more than 1 recurrence that usually involves, clinically and radiologically, a brain territory that was affected before and can simulate a space-occupying lesion that requires histologic diagnosis. Neuropsychiatric features may be the main presentation of a relapse. Since recurrent ADEM is a corticosteroid-responsive condition, awareness and early diagnosis are mandatory.
Strokes after cardiac surgery are mostly right hemispheric and exclusively ischemic. Outcome is relatively fair. We suggest an embolic injury to the right hemisphere, procedure related, as a possible mechanism.
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