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IntroductionNative plants are important components of the global biological diversity and are often highly adapted to specific environmental and climatic conditions (Sudhersan et al., 2003). Thus, many endemic plant species are becoming endangered because of the increasing human activity and consequent habitat deterioration (Güleryüz et al., 2011). Hence, there is a need to develop efficient techniques that allow large-scale multiplication and preservation of rare endemic plant species (Kapai et al., 2010). Besides the conventional propagation methods, in vitro methods provide an important opportunity for the propagation and preservation of endemic and endangered plant species (Fay, 1992;Rao, 2004).Erodium sibthorpianum Boiss. subsp. sibthorpianum (Geraniaceae) is an endemic species of Uludağ Mountain in Turkey, the highest mountain in the Marmara region, including Thrace and the northwestern side of the Anatolian peninsula. It has a geomorphologically interesting structure with steep southern slopes of calcareous rocks (Ketin, 1983). The climate of the mountain varies with elevation, resulting in high biological diversity. This high plant diversity has led to the designation of Uludağ Mountain as one of the Important Plant Areas (IPAs) of Turkey (Güleryüz et al., 2010). Erodium sibthorpianum grows on limestone rocks in poor soils and prefers calcareous soils. The species is spread among the alpine communities (Acantholimon ulucinum Boiss. and Festuca punctoria Sm. communities) at upper altitudes of ridges and slopes above 2200 m. It is a densely caespitose perennial, 5-12 cm, forming hard wide hummocks; basal leaves 2-pinnatisect, canescent, blade ovate, laciniae shortly oblong, acute; stems erect or ascending and flowers pale lilac. Erodium sibthorpianum shares its habitats with other endemic species including Veronica caespitose Boiss. var caespitose Boiss., Astragalus hirsutus Vahl., A. sibthorpianus Boiss., Arabis drabiformis Boiss., Festuca punctoria Sm., Linum olympicum Boiss., Muscari bourgaei Baker, Galium olympicum Boiss. Flowering time is July to August (Güleryüz, 2000).The habitat of this species has been damaged by heavy recreational and winter sports activities. In alpine environments, natural or human-induced disturbances are fairly common. Damage to plant diversity on Uludağ Mountain has been primarily caused by the construction of hotels and ski lift areas, recreational activities, and the use of artificial snow (Pintar et al., 2009;Güleryüz et al., 2011). Erodium sibthorpianum is classified as an EndangeredAbstract: Uludağ Mountain is one of the Important Plant Areas of Turkey. Its native plant species are threatened by various human and environmental factors. In this study, 2 different micropropagation techniques, with Murashige Skoog (MS) and modified MS (ModMS) media, were used for Erodium sibthorpianum Boiss. subsp. sibthorpianum. Mineral composition was developed according to the plant requirements. Shoot tips were cultured on these media. Seedlings, obtained from in vitro germinated seeds,...

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We investigated the concentrations of boron, zinc, arsenic, silver, lead, copper, cadmium and chromium in water, sediment and boron, zinc and arsenic in some wetland plants (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud, Typha latifolia L., Nasturdium officinale L., Lemna minor L., Lythrum salicaria L., and Ceratophyllum demersum L.) of Kocasu Stream and two related ponds in Köprüören, Kütahya. According to our results, among the eight heavy metals investigated in this study, arsenic was found at high concentration in sediment (288.66 mg/kg) whereas boron (903 µg/L) was detected in the highest concentration in water samples. We also determined that zinc, boron and arsenic concentrations in plants varied from 70 to 280, 37.6 to 1682.5, and 0.2 to 34 mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively. As a result, it was found that C. demersum, L. minor and N. officinale had the highest accumulation capacity of zinc, boron and arsenic.Öz: Köprüören, Kütahya'da bulunan Kocasu Nehri ile bu nehirle bağlantısı bulunan iki göletin kenarlarında yayılış gösteren bazı sulak alan bitkilerindeki (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud, Typha latifolia L., Nasturdium officinale L., Lemna minor L., Lythrum salicaria ve Ceratophyllum demersum L.) bor, çinko ve arsenic miktarları ile su ve sedimentteki bor, çinko, arsenik, gümüş, kurşun, bakır, kadmiyum ve krom konsantrasyonları tarafımızdan araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada araştırılan sekiz ağır metal arasından, arsenik sedimentte yüksek konsantrasyonda bulunurken (288,66 mg/kg), su numunelerinde en yüksek konsantrasyonda bor (903 µg/L) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bitkideki çinko, bor ve arsenik konsantrasyonlarının sırasıyla 70-280, 37,6-1682,5 ve 0,2-34 mg/kg kuru ağırlık arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, C. demersum, L. minor ve N. officinale'nin en yüksek çinko, bor ve arsenik biriktirme kapasitesine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.Anahtar kelimeler: Biyoakümülasyon, ağır metal, sediment, su, sulak alan bitkileri How to Cite