Knowledge of the level of termination of the DS, the distance between the upper margin of the sacrococcygeal membrane and the DS, and the presence of Tarlov cysts on MRI images of before CEB is very important and might decrease the risk of dural puncture.
IntroductionsBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and the risk increases with age. As in other tumors the development of breast carcinoma is associated with systemic inflammation. The systemic inflammatory response can change with tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. İnflammatory markers such as c reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) are increased in breast cancer patients and a have adverse effect on survey (Balta et al., 2013).Benign proliferative breast disease (BPBD) is most common in women who are in their thirties to fifties. Various sizes of cysts, adenosis, hyperplasia with atypia and/or without atypia and apocrine metaplasia can be seen in BPBD on microscopic examination. Despite the strong association between BPBD and breast cancer development, the exact causes of BPBD are still unknown. Hormonal imbalance especially increased estrogen via to progestin is thought to play a role in development of BPBD. Breast cancer risk related with proliferative breast disease. Several studies showed that inflammation plays an important role in the development of BPBD and early breast carcinogenesis (Catsburg et al., 2014).Complete blood count and its subtype neutrophil count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are an indicator of systemic inflammation (Guthrie et al., 2013). AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic and prognostic roles of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in breast cancer patients. To date, data are limited on associations of primary breast carcinoma (PBC) and benign proliferative breast disease (BPBD) with preoperative NLR values. Materials and Methods: Our study covered of 120 female patients with PBC and 50 with BPBD. Diagnostic values of NLR were estimated using sensitivity, specificity and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results: NLR values were significantly higher in the PBC patients than in those with BPBD, with an AUC of 0.668 in the PBC case. The optimal cut-off for NLR was 2.96 and this was validated in the testing set, giving a sensitivity and a specificity of 79.7% and 76.2%, respectively, in PBC patients. Conclusions: Preoperative high NLR is a significant diagnostic predictor of distinction of breast cancer from BPBD and elevated NLR is also an important prognostic marker for primary invasive breast cancer.
Hepcidin levels were significantly higher in obese children with NAFLD than those without NAFLD. Obese children with NAFLD should receive attention regarding iron metabolism disorders. Serum hepcidin could be a marker of iron metabolism status and NAFLD in these groups of patients.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of strain elastography (SE) of testicular tissues in infertile population. We also evaluated the correlation between SE results with semen parameters and hormone profiles of the patients. Material and methods:A total of 61 patients and 122 testes were evaluated. Patients who were evaluated in an andrology outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of infertility and referred to radiology department for investigation of reproductive organs between June 2015 and January 2016 were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to semen analyses results as normal (Group 1) and abnormal (Group 2). Hormone profiles, semen analyses, B-mode, coloured Doppler ultrasonography and sonoelastography examinations were performed for each patient. Measurements of testicular volumes, resistive indices (RI) in intraparenchymal arteries, strain, strain ratio (SR) and presence of varicocele were recorded.Results: Mean age of participants was 33.7±6.3 years. Mean testicular volumes (Group 1, 19.41±4.8 mL, and Group 2, 17.64±3.62 mL) were significantly different between groups (p= 0.023). Mean SRs were also different between Groups 1 and 2 (0.12±0.08 vs. 0.22±0.18, p<0.001). Testicular volumes were directly proportional with SRs in Group 1. Strain values had inverse relationship with sperm concentration and total motile sperm counts in Group 2 (p= 0.01). SRs were found to be positively correlated with RI and sperm morphology in Group 2 (p<0.05). Although FSH values showed significant difference among groups, any correlation between FSH and elastographic parameters could not be displayed. Conclusion:Strain elastography results were found to be significantly different in patients with abnormal sperm counts. This technique may provide promising results, however, further large scale studies may help to clarify the value of this imaging modality in the assessment of male infertility.
Filling defects of dural venous sinuses are considered to be a challenging problem especially in case of symptomatic patients. Many lesions have to be ruled out such as sinus thrombosis, arachnoid granulations and tumours. Encephalocele into dural sinus is also a rare cause of these filling defects of dural sinuses. Here, we report an extremely rare case with spontaneous occult invagination of temporal brain tissue into the left sigmoid sinus and accompanying cerebellar ectopia.
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