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In this study, types of biological and biotechnical (B/BT) control support, the status of benefiting from B/BT control support by products and the size of the area to which support was applied were examined. Moreover, with this study, producers' reasons for applying to B/BT control supports, satisfaction with B/BT supports, and decisions to continue using support were determined. In addition, the possibility of producers to continue using B/BT products even without support explored. The research is unique in that it examines manufacturers' approach to B/BT support practices. A survey was conducted with 108 producers selected through stratified sampling in Antalya, Isparta and Burdur provinces selected as the research area. It was determined that the vast majority of producers have been using B/BT products every year without interruption and have benefited from B/BT control supports every year, production areas where B/BT application applied also increased. 69.4% of the producers stated that they are satisfied with the support of B/BT control, 85.2% will continue to benefit from support, and 77.8% will continue to implement B/BT control even if there is no support. The main factors in adopting and sustaining these practices are the pest control performance of B/BT applications and the possibility to sell in higher price the crops which applied B/BT control methods, in the market. It was investigated by logistic regression analysis which factors influence the probability of producers to continue B / BT control applications even without support. The producers' education, satisfaction level of support and consultancy service have an effect on the producers' continued B/BT implementation even if they do not receive support. The strongest predictor of reporting a decision to continue using B /BT control products is the level of education. B/BT control support should continue, technical support and training-publication studies should be carried out for applications, and a conscious consumer approach should be developed for products produced with this method.

Background Stress triggers a cascade of reactions that alter the organism's dynamic steady state. There is a scarcity of interventional studies that show cortisol variability on stress over time in groups of patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases and comorbidities. Purpose In this research, we aimed to examine salivary cortisol changes in the cognitive stress response of patients with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (HT & DM) and patients with Hypertension (HT) and to determine the differences between them. Methods The research was conducted by solving an arithmetic task as a stress test in 62 patients with HT&DM and HT that are being treated in the outpatient clinic of Medical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Department in Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital. Results There was no statistically significant difference among HT&DM and HT groups on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) values (p = 0.331 and p = 0.058). When measured by repeated ANOVA, salivary cortisol level [F (1.842, 60) = 8.771, p < 0.0001], systolic blood pressure [F (2.185, 60) = 12.080, p < 0.0001], diastolic blood pressure [F (2.793, 60) = 6.043, p = 0.001] and the heart rate [F (2.073, 60) = 13.259, p < 0.0001] were statistically significant for the main effect (time), while the effect of the group*time interaction factor was statistically not significant (p = 0.773; p = 0.751; p = 0.713 and p = 0.506, respectively). Main conclusions In conclusion, the arithmetic problem-solving task used in the HT&DM and HT patients were found to be useful as an acute stress test in the laboratory environment. There was no statistically significant difference was found in terms of group*time interaction factor between the HT&DM and HT groups, however the salivary cortisol and BP values increased significantly after acute stress within each group.

The aim of this research was to obtain descriptive information about two producer groups consisting of agricultural holdings applying and not applying biological and biotechnical (B/BT) control methods in in the research field, to determine the B/BT control practices applied in the field, to know the opinions of producers about B/BT applications, whether there are significant differences between the groups in terms of environmental sensitivity. In this study, a total of 216 producers were selected by using stratified sampling, 108 producers using B/BT control materials, and 108 producers in the same region with similar product pattern and agricultural holdings characteristics but not using B/BT control materials. A significant difference was found between the mean numbers of chemical

Bu çalışma, Antalya ilinde damla sulama desteği alan ve almayan işletmeler üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Her iki üretici grubunun tanımlayıcı özellikleri değerlendirilmiş ve damla sulama desteği alma durumuna etki eden faktörler incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 62 damla sulama desteği alan ve 62 damla sulama desteği almayan üretici ile yapılan yüz yüze anketler ile veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ortalama, yüzde oran, çapraz tablolar gibi tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılırken damla sulama desteği alınmasında etkili olan faktörlerin tespiti için İkili Lojistik Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda üreticilerin tarımsal deneyimi, aile birey sayısı, hayvansal üretim gelirleri, bitkisel üretim gelirleri, toplam arazi büyüklüğü, sulanan arazi miktarları, tarım sigortası yaptırma durumlarının damla sulama desteği alan ve almayan grup açısından istatistiki olarak farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. İkili lojistik regresyon analizi sonucunda, damla sulama desteği alma üzerinde üreticilerin aile birey sayısı, toplam işlenen arazi büyüklüğü, sulanan arazi büyüklüğü ve hayvansal üretim gelirlerinin etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.