Five membered N-heterocycles are significant targets in organic synthesis because of their ubiquitous existence in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Over the past decade a compelling attractiveness has grown to develop rhodium complex catalysed efficient and atom-economic chemistry to access structurally diverse N-heterocyclic frameworks. This present review enlightens notable progresses and advances in synthesis of 5-membered N-heterocycles via rhodium catalysed cascade reactions (annulations, CÀ H/CÀ C activation, cycloaddition, rearrangement, cyclization, metathesis) from 2018-2021.[a] D.

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Microgrid stands for the participation of renewable sources such as solar and wind in the existing energy system in order to increase the availability and reliability of energy for consumers and to make the atmosphere carbon-free by reducing dependence on the main grid. However, the non-linearities inherent in the nature of the microgrid and network components make the programming process complex. Therefore, the efficient but linear model for microgrid resource planning algorithms is gaining interest today due to its simplicity and computational speed. On the contrary, for demand-side management, reducing the peak demand price by using different methods such as load trimming and valley filling by varying the use of flexible loads on the consumer side, which is an easier option for microgrid operators, rush hour price for consumer satisfaction. This paper gives an idea of the above purpose by designing an average model of a solar microgrid with the implementation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm method for stability of the system frequency and a battery storage system with a controller. You then plan the microgrid using the demand side management (DSM) method in order to reduce the cause of the price spikes.

Conjugated cyano cyclo‐olefins modified as highly regioselective dipolarophiles in 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with NaN3 to synthesize corresponding fused 1,2,3‐triazole and 1H‐tetrazole derivatives. The first example of catalytic 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of NaN3 with 2H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles and subsequent elimination/cyclization of cyano functionality is designated. In presence of catalytic amount of p‐TSA or AgNO3, 2H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles react with NaN3 discretely producing 2,4‐dihydrochromeno[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazoles or 5‐(2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazoles respectively, in good to excellent yields (i. e. 51–88 % or 85–97 %) with high regioselectivity and wide substrate scope adequacy.