Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease, which can be controlled but cannot be cured. If left untreated, loss of vision occurs gradually and even become blind. The detection and diagnosis of glaucoma is important. In glaucoma, Optic Cup (OC) is dependent on the type of glaucoma and the level of intra ocular pressure. Localization of Optic Disc (OD) simplifies the segmentation. OD and OC detection is a primary step in developing an automated algorithm for glaucoma detection. The paper provides overview of the different methods for optic cup and optic disc detection from retinal image.

Super-resolution technique is used for resolution enhancement. In Multiframe Super-resolution multiple low resolution images are combined to get high resolution image. Most important part of Multiframe Super-resolution is Image Registration that estimates translation,rotation and scaling parameters. In this paper they propose combination of PCA and GPOF registration method for constructing high resolution image. In GPOF registration method, which reach the sub pixel precision and allow large pixel motions and then apply PCA method which is used for compression of image. Image fusion is applied to get one output image. Then bicubic interpolation is used to get high resolved image. Experiment images show that the HR image by our proposed method has much higher quality than other methods.

In the era of decreasing irrigation water availabilities, the focus must be on decreasing crop production water footprints. The various irrigation water management like deficit irrigation, fertigation, and mulching along with MIS can help reduce water footprints. However, the effects of aerated drip irrigation on sweet corn performance under various options of irrigation water management are not yet examined elsewhere. So, it was assessed through field experiments for 2 years during the winter season of the year 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the research farm of the Junagadh Agricultural University campus at Junagadh having a soil texture of clay loam. Two air injection rates i.e. 0 and 12 % by volume of irrigation flow rate was imposed on 16 different treatment combinations of 2 irrigation levels (deficit irrigation-0.7 ETc and full irrigation-1.0 ETc {Crop Evapotranspiration}), 2 fertigation levels (deficit fertigation-0.7 RDF and full fertigation-1.0 RDF {Recommended Dose of Fertilizer}), 2 drip system type (surface drip and subsurface drip) and 2 mulch levels (mulch and no mulch). The aerated irrigation effects on the production of fresh cob yield were found different under various options of irrigation water management. Overall, on average, sweet corn cob yield increased by 8.94% due to aerated irrigation as compared to non-aerated and the results were found significant. The adoption of aerated subsurface drip irrigation under mulch with irrigation/fertigation scheduling at 1.0 ETc/1.0 RDF would result in higher yield if adopted by farmers, in other words, the yield increase of fresh cob would be almost twice as compared to traditional practices with benefit cost ratio (B/C) as 3.01 for aerated treatment and 2.78 for non-aerated treatment for subsurface drip irrigation under mulch with irrigation/fertigation scheduling at 1.0 ETc/1.0 RDF.

Super Resolution implementation using multi-frame super resolution has been an expensive topic in the literature. Multiframe Super-Resolution is to generate the high-resolution image from multiple low-resolution images perspectives of a same scene. Most important part of multi-frame Superresolution is Image Registration; that estimates the translation, rotation and scaling parameters and also aligns images. In this paper, they propose a combination of Gaussian Pyramid Optical Flow (GPOF) Registration method and Gradient method for constructing Super Resolution image. In the proposed approach, they focus on the movement model of the image registration GPOF, which reach the sub-pixel and allows for the large pixel motions, while keeping the size of image neighborhood relatively small. And apply Gradient method, which can accurately perform precise registration with the amount of image movement is small between the two images; it can get the one reconstructed image. They get the better results compares with the others registration methods. And lastly, they apply Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) image interpolation algorithm; they can get the high resolution image. Experiment results show that the HR image by their proposed method have much higher quality than other methods.

Super-resolution technique is used for resolution enhancement. In multiframe super-resolution multiple low resolution images are combined to get high resolution image.This paper addresses multiframe super-resolution in which one or more low resolution images are combined to get high resolution image which can increase spatial resolution of image and different image quality matrices to measure the quality of the original image and reconstructed image.