Background: Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in infancy and early childhood. Neonatal screening programs for the detection of CH in the neonatal period are widespread and in most screening programs, blood samples are collected at 5–6 days age. Objective: The objective of the study was to obtain cord blood (CB) samples at birth and the peripheral venous blood sample of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at 72 h. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at a tertiary suburban center and a total of 1470 newborn delivered was enrolled after satisfying the inclusion criteria. Umbilical CB TSH sample was taken at birth and peripheral venous sample for TSH was taken at 72 h. TSH values more than 20 ?IU/mL, in both groups, were taken as an upper limit of normal. Results: Out of 1470 samples collected, among those with umbilical cord sample, 31 (2%) had a value >20 ?IU/mL, while only one baby had a value of TSH >20 ?IU/mL at 72 h of life and was diagnosed as CH. Conclusion: The incidence of CH is 1 out of 1470 neonates. Female gender, maternal age, and lower socioeconomic status of parents have a significant impact on umbilical cord TSH Levels.

Introduction: Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease depends on rectal biopsy. This study was designed to find an alternate diagnostic modality to exclude Hirschsprung's disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to find the predictive value of delayed retention of contrast in excluding Hirschsprung's disease. Materials and Methods: All cases of chronic constipation presenting during the study duration from June 2014 to June 2016 were included. Those without any obvious history of conservative management were excluded. Parameters considered in barium enema were initial film, routine films, and delayed retention of contrast at 24, 48, and 72 h. They were then subjected to rectal biopsy. The results of rectal biopsy and barium enema were analyzed. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight patients presented during the study duration. One hundred and twenty-eight formed the study group. The average age of presentation was 48 months (range, 1–144). The average duration of prior medical management was 8 months (range, 6–48 months). Forty-two cases were diagnosed as Hirschsprung's disease on rectal biopsy. The symptoms resolved in 31 cases after rectal biopsy and 42 cases after definitive surgery. In the remaining 55 cases, dietary modification along with laxatives was instituted, and they were kept under follow-up. The average follow-up was 12 months (range, 6–48 months). Of the various parameters in barium enema, delayed retention of contrast at 48 h had the highest negative predictive value of 99.67%. Conclusion: Delayed retention of contrast at 48 h has the highest negative predictive value in excluding Hirschsprung's disease. This can safely be used to exclude Hirschsprung's disease in cases of chronic constipation.