Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are present in a range of occupations. This is confirmed from a number of studies done around the world. However, few attempts have been done to document the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in occupational diseases in Nepal and there are hardly any studies done to see musculoskeletal disorders in farmers of Nepal. Nepal is an agricultural country and traditional practices in farming are adopted demanding a lot on the manual work. Objectives:  Aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A convenience sample of 246 farmers from Bhaktapur district, Nepal aged between 24-65 years, were included in the study. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was a tool adapted to measure MSDs in the farmers. Descriptive analysis of data was done. Results: Farmers (n=246) reported pain in all the nine areas of the body mentioned in the questionnaire. More than 70% of farmers have some kind of musculoskeletal disorders. However, six major areas of pain were identified as: Neck-31(12.6 %), Shoulder-26(10.6%), Elbow- 30(12.2%), Low back- 89(36.2%), Knee- 53(21.5%) and ankle 32(13%). Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in farmers is very high. Lack of awareness about the MSDs and improper knowledge of ergonomics causes the problems.

Background: Ageing is an inevitable process. The population of elderly is increasing in Nepal. Caring of elderly at geriatric care homes is becoming popular. Caregivers take care of the elderly in the geriatric care homes. Occupational injuries are very common and no study has been done to document the injuries sustained by caregivers working in geriatric care homes in Nepal. This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders and the injuries sustained among care givers working in geriatric care homes in Nepal. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A convenience sample of 41 caregivers among geriatric care homes in Kathmandu valley aged between 20-45 years were included in the study. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was adapted to measure Musculoskeletal Disorders in the study population. Descriptive analysis of data was done. Type of injury was classified and their consequences observed. Results: Caregivers (n=41) reported work related musculoskeletal disorders in six areas of the questionnaire: Neck 4 (9.75 %), Shoulder 8(19.5%), Elbow 4(9.75%), Low back 22(53.65%), Knee 5(12.19%) and ankle 3(7.31%). Common types of injuries sustained were muscle strain, ligament sprain, joint pain, hernia etc. In most of the cases, caregivers had to take interventions like taking medications, exercises, rest while some were able to get away with minor symptoms. Conclusion: The incidence of occupational injuries among caregivers is high. The existing training programs are not enough. A revision of the course work for training of caregivers is necessary