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In this study, we proposed a new method using the spark plasma sintering technique to join ceramics to alloys. MoSi 2 and 316L stainless steel were chosen as sample materials and can be welded well with graded interlayers. We found that dense uniformed joints were achieved because of the comparable coefficient of thermal expansion of the interlayers. Furthermore, such a compatibility between the graded interlayers prevented MoSi 2 with low toughness from the occurrence of microcracks resulted from the residual stresses formed during cooling of the joint.

The modular teaching of college physics is introduced in this paper, which is based on Small Private Online Course (SPOC) and classification teaching according to the requirements of different majors. The application of SPOC to college physics teaching will realize the optimization of the teaching contents, which is a meaningful teaching reform of college physics teaching.