O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar concentrações crescentes de Thidiazuron (TDZ), durante dois ciclos produtivos, sobre o efeito na frutificação efetiva, produção e possíveis alterações nas características dos frutos de macieiras da cv. Daiane. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em pomar experimental no município de Caçador, SC. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualisados com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Em arranjo fatorial 2 x 6 (ciclo produtivo x doses de TDZ), sendo os seguintes tratamentos: Controle (sem aplicação); TDZ (5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm e 25ppm), nos ciclos 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. Em os ciclos avaliados, os tratamentos foram aplicados no estádio de plena floração (F2). Avaliou-se a produção por planta, massa fresca média de frutos (g), frutificação efetiva (%), coloração vermelha dos frutos (%), resistência da polpa (lib pol<sup>-</sup>²), sólidos solúveis totais e índice de iodo-amido. Em média a frutificação efetiva das plantas tratadas com TDZ foi superior às plantas não tratadas. Os tratamentos com aplicações de TDZ mostraram efeito aditivo sobre as variáveis de produção, sendo que os melhores resultados foram observados nas concentrações a partir de 10ppm. A aplicação de TDZ pode reduzir a massa média dos frutos, além de afetar as características físico-químicas e reduzir a porcentagem de cobertura vermelha da epiderme dos frutos. A aplicação do Thidiazuron aumenta a produção por planta com concentrações a partir de 10ppm, promovendo maior fixação de frutos e consequentemente aumentando a produção. No entanto, diminui a coloração vermelha dos frutos na macieira ‘Daiane’, com maior intensidade nas concentrações maiores.
Apple is considered a functional food, since it presents considerable contribution in the supply of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, and its consumption is related to the prevention of various diseases. However, most cultivars released in recent years have been poorly studied regarding their nutritional properties. The aim of this work was to quantify mineral contents in the skin and flesh, of apple cultivars with potential production in southern Brazil. The apple cultivars evaluated were ‘Fuji Suprema’, ‘Castel Gala’, ‘Lisgala’, ‘Monalisa’, ‘Luiza’, ‘Daiane’, ‘Venice’, ‘Elenise’ and M.10-09 advanced selection, in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. Among evaluated minerals, considering consumption of a fruit of 115 g with skin (except carpel and seeds), potassium supplies high percentage of recommended daily intake, followed by phosphorus and magnesium. The calcium content in apples presents low contribution to the recommended daily intake. Due to the higher concentrations of minerals in skin in comparison to flesh, the consumption of whole fruit increases the percentage of minerals ingested. In addition, the evaluated minerals showed significant differences as a function of cultivar. ‘Monalisa’ cultivar, in the flesh portion, stood out due to the high phosphorus and calcium content, 204.1 and 36.5 mg kg-1 (2017/2018) and 305.6 and 43.8 mg kg-1 (2018/2019), respectively. ‘Fuji Suprema’, in both harvest seasons, stood out due to the high potassium contents in skin (1073.8 mg kg-1) and flesh (1223.7 mg kg-1) in 2017/2018 and in flesh (1547.3 mg kg-1) in 2018/2019 and magnesium in flesh (122.4 mg kg-1) in 2017/2018 and in skin (231.2 mg kg-1) and flesh (62.4 mg kg-1) in 2018/2019.
Brasil. 2. Meio ambiente -Pesquisa -Brasil. I. Zuffo, Alan Mario. II. Série. CDD 630 Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior -CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores.2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
It is known that during the biomass combustion in industrial systems the formation of residues containing ashes and residual carbon occurs. The content of the residues varies according to the efficiency and operating parameters of the combustion chambers. The characterization of these residues is an essential tool to identify their potential for energy reuse. The aim of this paper was to analyze the thermal behavior of the biomass and the residues yielded during the combustion process in a boiler system. For this purpose, forest biomass and ash samples have been analyzed in a laboratory and at four collection points of generation and treatment of the combustion residues (readler, hopper, scrubber, and decanter) inside the boiler of a power plant. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTA) have been carried out on all samples. Moreover, the ultimate analysis, the proximate analysis and the gross calorific value of all samples have been determined. Results show that the biomass burning efficiency in the boiler furnace was high, which was proven by the chemical composition and thermal degradation behavior of the residues collected in the readler. The scrubber’s light wastes presented chemical and energy properties (7180 kcal/kg, 75% fixed carbon content, 21% volatile content and 3.72% ash content), and thermal behavior similar to the ones found in the literature for eucalyptus charcoal. However, in order to reuse these combustion residues on reinjection or reheat systems, machine adjustments are essential to achieve burning efficiency and avoid operational problems. The decanter wastes did not show potential for energy reuse.
Exportação de nutrientes pela produção em pomares de frutas de clima temperado Nutrient exports by production in tempered climate fruit pomars
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