<p>The main focus in this paper is the importance of Management Control Systems (MCS) in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The research is based on empirical literature by collecting and interpreting researchers finding on the important role that play MCS in SMEs. A greater control systems implementation can create/added a value and influencing stakeholders to practice concrete actions to reduce costs derived from the exploitation in SMEs.</p><p><br />Keywords: Management Control Systems, Small and Medium Enterprises</p>

Strategic management implementation in public sector study has nowadays become the most commonly researched area among public administration scholars and researchers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no attempt to investigate the influence of the implementation style and the middle management on the Strategic Management Implementation (SMI) and organizational performance (OP).  There is a paucity of studies that have been undertaken in developing countries. This study aims to fulfil this research gap, investigated in the moderated mediation effect of the combination of the implementation style and middle management effort in the relationship between SMI and OP. The study data was collected on a sample of 468 public managers in the Togolese central government organizations. The findings show that public organisations that opt for logical implementation style in its program implementation result in a non-significant estimate at the mean and 1SD below the middle management effort (W). However, in the organization that applies incremental implementation style in its program implementation, the estimates at mean, 1SD below and 1SD above the mean of the W are all statistically significant. Developing country public sector organisations characterized by traditional bureaucracy and lack of administrative reform program implementation that opt for logical implementation style will likely decrease performance.

While several scholar had drew their study focusing on the role of media into conflict management, Hume et al. (2014) few have pay to attention to the types, levels, and phases of the conflict, Hyland and Makowsky (2006). Looking to fulfill the research gap, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of media into conflict management focusing on the level of media. Israel and Palestine conflict was used as a case study and to frame the analysis, the research data were collected through a series of questionnaires. As concluded by Kim, Amouzegar, and Ao 2016), local media are a potential tool deescalating in global conflict, our finding show that local media are source of peace building and conflict deescalating however international media interfere into conflict management according to his national interest and as an instrument of influencing foreign policy to the parties involve. We finally concluded that the current and future relationship and level of tension between Israel and Palestine can be predicted by Al jazera.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been used as a strategy in emerging countries which made a tremendous change in their economy. However, lack of study have been undertaken to know how these change can have contributed the country poverty alleviation and economy growth. Therefore, looking to fulfil the research gap, this paper aimed to seek how FDI implication in agriculture development through as job creation, taxes payment, transfer of knowledge and technology contribute the country poverty alleviation. The Lao People's Democratic Republic was used as a case study and a sample of 450 respondents were collected through a survey questionnaire by self-administrated (face to face with interaction with the participant). The results shown that FDI implication in agriculture development through FDI job creation, FDI taxes payment have a strong impact on poverty alleviation but with weak effect at long-term, however, FDI transfer of knowledge and technology have a weak impact on poverty alleviation though with greater significance at long term. Transfer of knowledge and technology is the significant asset needed for emerging economy from FDI to boost change and contribute to their economy growth.

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