The process parameters governing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme in solid state fermentation employing Bacillus cereus IND5 and using cuttle fish waste and cow dung substrate were optimized. The pH value of the medium, moisture content, sucrose, casein and magnesium sulfate were considered for two-level full factorial design and pH, casein and magnesium sulfate were identified as the important factors for fibrinolytic enzyme production. Central composite design was applied to investigate the interactive effect among variables (pH, casein and magnesium sulfate) and response surface plots were created to find the pinnacle of process response. The optimized levels of factors were pH 7.8, 1.1% casein and 0.1% magnesium sulfate. Enzyme production was increased 2.5-fold after statistical approach. The enzyme was purified up to a specific activity of 364.5 U/g proteins and its molecular weight was 47 kDa. It was stable at pH 8.0 and was highly active at 50 °C. The mixture of cuttle fish waste and cow dung could find great application as solid substrate for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme.

Acanthurid fishes are highly ornamental coral reef fishes, commonly called as surgeon fishes. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthurus lineatus was determined (GenBank accession no EU273284). The genome was circular, double-stranded molecules of 16,532 bp length encoded with 37 mitochondrial genes. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 852 bp long control region. The entire nucleotide composition was 29.84% A, 28.07% C, 26.60% T and 15.49% G with an A þ T content of 56.44%. Phylogenetic relationship of A. lineatus among the closely related species of Perciformes was studied based on H-strand protein-coding genes using the maximum parsimony method.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthurus leucosternon was determined. The genome is circular, double-stranded DNA molecule with 16,434 bp in length (EU 136032). The structure, gene organization, and gene order is similar as in other vertebrates. The overall base composition is A (29.29%), C (28.53%), T (26.37%), G (15.81%), and with 44.33% G + C content. Overlapping observed between contiguous genes is encoded in the opposite strands. The two 12S and 16S rRNA genes consist of 949 and 1690 nucleotides, respectively. Non-coding control region is 754 bp long and origin of replication is located in the WANCY cluster. Conserved domains in the control regions and secondary structures for the OL regions are also predicted. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using Maximum-Likelihood method of A. leucosternon based on the protein-coding gene sequence was also studied.