The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between leadership styles and employee commitment among employees working in the pharmaceutical industry, mediated by conflict management. The study adopted quantitative research method to examine the current study, a sample size of 110 employees was selected from the pharmaceutical companies in Kurdistan. Junior employees who had worked in the interested organizations for the past 10 years and deemed to have substantial dealing with supervisors and managers were purposively selected. Findings revealed that; the first research hypothesis is supported which stated that leadership styles will positively and significantly influence employee commitment at pharmaceutical companies in Kurdistan. Moreover, as for the conflict management as the mediation role between each leadership style (transactional, transformational, and charismatic) and employee commitment, the findings revealed that; conflict management has a positive and significant mediation role between all mentioned leadership styles and employee commitment, moreover the findings showed that the highest value was the mediation role of conflict management between transactional leadership and employee commitment, on the other hand the lowest value was the mediation role of conflict management between transformational leadership and employee commitment.

The study investigated direct and indirect impact of emotional intelligence on employee counterproductive work behavior and organizational commitment through transformational leadership. On the basis of theoretical and empirical studies, one exogenous variable (emotional intelligence) and three endogenous variables i. e transformational leadership, counterproductive work behavior, and organizational commitment were analyzed through structural equation modeling with the aid of AMOS V24. The participants were 302 administrative staff of private universities in Kurdistan region of Iraq. This study found emotional intelligence to significantly reduce counterproductive work behavior, while it was also found to significantly enhance employee commitment to their organization and transformational leadership. Moreover, transformational leadership was found to have a significant effect of reducing counterproductive work behavior among the staff, while it encourages their commitment to the university. In addition, transformational leadership was found to have a positive partial mediation in the relationship between emotional intelligence and counterproductive work behavior on one hand, and the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment on the other hand. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the study were addressed.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a type of behavior that has an impact on the efficiency of an organization. It has far-reaching implications in the workplace. OCB can help organizations become more effective by improving productivity. Employee motivation and citizenship behaviours have become important issues in OB. This study examines the mediation role of organization citizenship behaviour between employee motivation and productivity at pharmaceutical Industries in KRG.The researchers employed quantitative research method via using a survey to measure the current study. The questionnaire was distributed randomly among 150 administrative employees of different pharmaceutical industries in Kurdistan region. However, the researchers were able to gather 139 completed questionnaires. The findings revealed that organization citizenship behaviour has a significant and positive mediation role between motivation factors and productivity at pharmaceutical industries in Kurdistan region of Iraq.

This article seeks to investigate the connection between leadership qualities and sustainable competitive advantage. The research was conducted at small and medium-sized businesses in Erbil. This study assessed the influence of leadership qualities (behaviour-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought patterns) on small and medium-sized firms' sustainable competitive advantage. The researchers employed basic regression analysis to determine the impact of each independent variable on small and medium-sized businesses' sustained competitive advantage in the Erbil City of Kurdistan. There were a total of 280 questionnaires sent, but only 228 individuals accurately filled them out. The findings suggested that behaviour-focused strategies as a leadership quality on sustainable competitive advantage had the largest effect, while constructive thinking