Introduction: Radial artery occlusion may occur after percutaneous coronary intervention when done via transradial approach. The frequency of radial artery occlusion is almost nil in patients after PCI through transradial approach. Thus radial artery approach for PCI can be a good opportunity to conduct the procedure. Objective: To assess the frequency of radial artery occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention through transradial approach in patients of acute coronary syndrome Material & Methods Study Design: Descriptive case study Settings: Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data Collection: Total 100 patients who underwent PCI through transradial approach 6 months ago were studied. All the selected patients then underwent Doppler scan to assess patency of radial artery. Radial artery occlusion was confirmed by when there was reduced flow in radial artery as compared to the adjacent side artery Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 54.56 ± 8.96 years. There were 43 (43%) males and 57 (57%) females. The frequency of radial artery occlusion in patients after PCI through transradial approach was seen in 3 (3%) of the patients. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrates that the frequency of radial artery occlusion is almost nil in patients after PCI through transradial approach. Thus radial artery approach for PCI can be a good opportunity to conduct the procedure. Key Words: Radial artery Occlusion, Transradial approach, percutaneous coronary intervention, acute coronary syndrome

Background: Liver cirrhosis has an essential influence on the lipid profile. Statins have well-known beneficial cardiovascular effects reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. Aim: To compare the change in hepatic venous portal gradient with or without simvastatin for maintenance of lipid profile of liver cirrhosis patients Methods: This Randomized controlled trial was done at Department of Medicine, South medical ward, Mayo hospital, Lahore from October 2021 to March 2022.patients were randomly divided in two groups. In group A, patients were given simvastatin with standard treatment. In group B, patients were given standard treatment only. Before and after 1 month of treatment, lipid profile and HVPG level were assessed again. The change in HVPG and lipid profile was calculated. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of patients received simvastatin was 55.26 ± 13.24 years and mean age of patients in control was 53.74 ± 16.88 years. In simvastatin group, there were 82 (54.7%) males and 68(45.3%) females. In control group, there were 93 (62.0%) males and 57(38%) females. With simvastatin, the mean HVPG level was reduced from 20.11± 6.21mg/dl to 15.42±4.71 mg/dl after a month (mean change = 4.69 ± 1.50 mg/dl). While in control group, mean HVPG level was reduced from 19.28±7.61 mg/dl to 17.82± 6.52 mg/dl after a month (mean change = 1.46±1.09 mg/dl). The effect size was 23.3% with simvastatin while 7.6% without simvastatin for reduction of HVPG in cirrhotic patients. The difference was observed to be significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, addition of simvastatin is effective in controlling lipid profile of patients with liver cirrhosis. It also has beneficial role in improving condition of liver cirrhosis patients. Keywords: hepatic venous portal gradient, simvastatin, lipid profile, liver cirrhosis, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus can prevent risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder. Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus presenting in a tertiary care hospital for routine check-up Materials and Methods Study design: Cross sectional study Setting: Department of Medicine (South Medical Ward), Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data collection procedure: Total 220 patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Then blood samples were obtained and sent to the pathology laboratory of the hospital for assessment of lipid profile. Reports were assessed and level of cholesterol and triglycerides were noted and dyslipidemia was labeled, if levels were high. All this data was recorded in proforma. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients in this study was 52.71 ± 7.46 years. There were 104 (47.3%) males and 116 (52.7%) females. There were 92 (41.8%) patients of normal BMI, 72 (32.7%) patients were overweight and 56 (25.5%) patients were obese. The mean duration of diabetes was 18.30 ± 3.92 months. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 97 (44.09%) patients. Conclusion: Results of this study showed high frequency of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients. Key words: Dyslipidemia, Type II, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile

Background:Post-caesarean wound infection is a frightful complication of cesarean delivery and increase burden on health care system. Prevention of post-cesarean wound infection must be the priority in any healthcare center in developing countries. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic often used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Aim: To compare the frequency of wound infection with ceftriaxone versus amoxicillin in females undergoing cesarean section at term Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial Setting & duration: Department of Medicine and Gynecology, SIMS, Lahore from 01-07-2020 to 31-12- 2020. Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, 250 females were enrolled and were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group 1 was given intravenous amoxicillin and group 2 was given intravenous ceftriaxone. Then cesarean was done under spinal anesthesia. Post-op wound infection was noted in all the females. The data was analyzed in SPSS. Results: The mean age of the females of amoxicillin group was 28.09±6.01 years whereas the mean age of the ceftriaxone group females was 29.38 ± 6.41 years. The mean gestational age of the females in amoxicillin group was 38.98 ± 0.85 weeks whereas the mean gestational age in ceftriaxone group was 38.94±0.79 weeks. The mean BMI of the females in amoxicillin group was 26.58 ± 6.27 kg/m2 whereas the mean BMI in ceftriaxone group was 29.32±6.36kg/m2. The post-cesarean wound infection was found in 2(1.6%) females in amoxicillin group while in 8(6.4%) females in ceftriaxone group. This difference was statistically insignificant i.e. p-value=0.0.053. Conclusion: The amoxicillin is more effective from prevention of post-op wound infection than to ceftriaxone in females underwent cesarean section. Keywords: Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, cesarean section, post-cesarean wound infection

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