Originalni naučni rad U radu su, u 12 časovnom urinu pacijenata sa limfoblastnom leukemijom tretiranih metotreksatom, ispitivani veza između pH i aktivnosti enzima alanin aminopeptidaze i gama-glutamiltransferaze. Pacijentima je intravenski apliciran metotreksat u 4 pojedinačne doze od 2000 mg/m 2 sa razmakom od 15 dana uz upotrebu leukovorina kao zaštite. Ispitivanje je vršeno na 30 ispitanika, oba pola i starosti od 4 do 10 godina. U radu smo utvrdili negativnu korelaciju između nivoa aktivnosti enzima alanin aminopeptidaze i gama-glutamiltransferaze kao mjere nefrotoksičnosti metotreksata i nivoa pH urina. Utvrđeni su negativni faktori korelacije, r = -0,745 za alanin aminopeptidazu i r = -0,783 za gama-glutamiltransferazu.Ključne riječi: Alanin aminopeptidaza, gama-glutamiltransferaza, pH urina, limfoblastna leukemija, metotreksat, korelacija UVODMetotreksat je efikasan u liječenju u slučajevima osteosarkoma te tumora dojke, glave i pluća (1-5). Princip njegovog djelovanja je inhibicija folatsintetaze. Metotreksat se primjenjuje u visokim, srednjim i niskim dozam a najčešće intravenski (6).Visoke doze od 500 ili više mg/m 2 se primjenjuju u slučajevima leukemije, limfoma, leptomeningealnih metastaza i osteosarkoma. Srednje doze metotreksata, od 50 do 500 mg/m 2 , se primjenjuju u slučajevima gestacionih tropoblastičnih bolesti, a niske doze od 50 ili manje mg/m 2 se primjenjuju u antiinflamatornoj terapiji reumatoidnog artritisa i psorijaze (7,8).Intravenske doze metotreksata veće od 1000 mg/m 2 često izazivaju seriju sistemskih toksičnosti. One obuhvataju sem kože, sluznica, jetre i mozga i bubrežno tkivo (9). U bubrežnom tkivu metotreksat može da izazove glomerularnu i tubularnu toksičnost, ali klinička ispitivanja pokazuju da to nije opšta pojava (10).Rizik od pojave nefrotoksičnosti metotreksata može da bude uvećan genetskim polimorfizmom uključenim u metabolizam folata (11).U dosadašnjim studijama utvrđivanje nefrotoksičnosti metotreksata je najčešće vršeno pri primjeni niskih doza lijeka kod antiinflamatornih liječenja reumatoidnog artritisa i psorijaze. Glomerularna toksičnost je praćena određivanjem klirensa inulina, kreatinina, etilendiaminotetraacetata (EDTA) i povećanjem koncentracije albumina u urinu (12,13).Tubularna toksičnost je praćena određivanjem koncentracije elektrolita u krvi, 1-ili 2-mikroglobulina u urinu i tubularne enzimurije (14,15).Cilj ovo grada je bio da se, na reprezentativnom broju ispitanika sa akutnom limfoblastnom leukemijom tretiranih visokim dozama metotreksata, utvrdi moguća veza između porasta aktivnosti u urinu tubularnih enzima alanin aminopeptidaze, AAP (EC. 3. 4. 11. 2) i gama-glutamiltransferaze, GGT (EC. 2. 3. 2. 2) kao mjere nefrotoksičnosti i promjene pH urina. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJASrednje vrijednosti aktivnosti AAP sa standardnim devijacijama (x ± SD), za ispitanike koji su tretirani terapijskim dozama metotreksata, su predstavljene na slici 1. Na istoj slici su predstavljene i odgovarajuće srednje vrijednosti pH sa standardnim devijacijama (x ± SD). Iz slike ...
In order study methotrexate nephrotoxicity, the activities of proximal tubule epithelial cell membrane enzymes: alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in 12-h-urine samples of 30 patients with lymphoblastomous leukemia. The patients were i.v. receiving 4 individual methotrexate doses of 2000 mg/m2 every 15 days followed by leucovorin as a protector. Control and methotrexate-treated group, each consisting of 30 examinees, included 4-10 years old children of both sexes. Statistically significant increase of AP and LDH activities, expressed as unuts/mmol creatinine was observed after the second therapy (p0.05) in relation to the control. Based on these results it can concluded that nephrotoxic methotrexate action is ireversible during the time period after the second applications at the level of proximal tubule epithelal cell.
In order to study methotrexate nephrotoxicity, the activities of proximal tubule epithelial cell membrane enzymes: alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary albumin concentrations were determined in 12-h-urine samples of 30 patients with lymphoblastomous leukemia. The patients were i.v. receiving 4 individual methotrexate doses of 2000 mg/m2 every 15 days followed by leucovorin as a protector. Control and methotrexate-treated group, each consisting of 30 examinees, included 4–10 years old children of both sexes. Statistically significant increase of AAP and GGT activities, expressed as U/mmol creatinine was observed after the first two (p 0.05), as well as after the remaining two therapies (p 0.01) in relation to the control. Enzymatic activities of these two enzymes decreased to control value before the second and the third methotrexate application, but they increased again after the third application and remained elevated up to the end of experiments. Significant increase of NAG activity expressed as U/mmol creatinine (p 0.01), as well as urinary albumin levels (mg/mmol creatinine; p 0.01) were registered after the third methotrexate therapy and this elevation of the same statistical significance of the differences remained stable till the end of the therapy. Based on these results it can be concluded that during the time period of two first applications nephrotoxic methotrexate action is reversible and at the level of proximal tubule epithelial cell membranes. During the last two applications impairment is irreversible and at the level of cell organelles and glomerular filtration.
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