The challenge of bacterial infection increases the risk of mortality and morbidity in acute and chronic wound healing. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are a promising new version of conventional antibacterial nanosystem to fight against the bacterial resistance in concern of the drug discovery void. However, there are several challenges in controlling the size and colloidal stability of Ag NPs, which readily aggregate or coalesce in both solid and aqueous state. In this study, a template‐guided synthesis of ultrafine Ag NPs of around 2 nm using water‐soluble and biocompatible γ‐cyclodextrin metal‐organic frameworks (CD‐MOFs) is reported. The CD‐MOF based synthetic strategy integrates AgNO3 reduction and Ag NPs immobilization in one pot achieving dual functions of reduced particle size and enhanced stability. Meanwhile, the synthesized Ag NPs are easily dispersible in aqueous media and exhibit effective bacterial inhibition. The surface modification of cross‐linked CD‐MOF particles with GRGDS peptide boosts the hemostatic effect that further enhances wound healing in synergy with the antibacterial effect. Hence, the strategy of ultrafine Ag NPs synthesis and immobilization in CD‐MOFs together with GRGDS modification holds promising potential for the rational design of effective wound healing devices.

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Abstract: Abstract: Adaptation to climate change is emerging as an important developmental challenge in Nepal and globally. To address climate change risks and vulnerabilities, a set of mutually integrated strategies are necessary at different sectors and levels. This paper examines institutional, technological and informational barriers to designing and implementing adaptation. In particular, it combines literature review and case studies to diagnose the limitation of adaptation and its institutional environment in Nepal. The findings reveal that there are limits to adaptation, which are caused by barriers of available technology, knowledge and institutional frameworks. These barriers undermine the effectiveness of the initiatives promoted both at the national as well as local level. Effective climate change requires addressing these barriers by reworking of the ways in which institutions operate and by building on the existing knowledge, skills, and best practices. This can be facilitated by changing the design of development planning and modes of delivery.

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