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Background: There is paucity of literature on long-term follow-up of patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) from developing countries. Objective: This study was carried out to analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and genetic profile of 32 patients (21 male and 11 female) from 23

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A giant‐cell tumor of the sacrum is rare, and poses significant therapeutic and surgical difficulties largely because of its location. Patients usually present with pain in the lower back radiating to one or both lower limbs, with or without neurological deficit. The index case presented with difficulty in defecation, in addition to pain in both lower limbs for 6 mo. The patient was seen to have a rectal mass, and a per‐rectal fine‐needle‐aspiration was performed. The smears showed a cellular aspirate composed of a large number of osteoclastic giant cells, admixed intimately with clusters and a scattered population of mononuclear cells. Mitotic figures were not observed. Although the differential diagnosis of osteoclastic giant cell‐containing lesions is broad, the presence of strong cohesiveness between the mononucleated cells and giant cells in cohesive clusters is a very helpful diagnostic feature, and was a prominent finding in the present case. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;24:39–41. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

The present findings revealed that zonisamide treatment prevented the development of seizures in animals. Seizures-induced free radicals production and neuroinflammation were markedly ameliorated by zonisamide administration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the mechanisms behind the strong neuroprotective potential of zonisamide against seizures by attenuating the oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade and neuronal death associated with progression of seizures. It can be further developed as a neuroprotective agent for epilepsy and other neurodegenerative disorders.