The Implementation of Spot Capturing Learning Methods in Global Warming Materials to Improve Science Process Skills. This research aims to determine the implementation of Spot Caturing learning methods and to know the improvement of the student science process skills after the use of Spot Capturing learning methods on global warming topic. This study uses one group pretest - posttest design where the subjects in this study were a class of students from Department of Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Lamongan Islamic University in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. Research data is obtained through observation methods and tests and then analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The results of the study showed the level of implementation learning using spot capturing method of study at the first meeting average score 3.8 with excellent criteria, second meeting average score 3.8 with excellent criteria and the third meeting of the average score 3.9 with excellent criteria. The results of N-gain calculations on the science process skills showed increases with the medium category on the aspect of formulating issues with score 0.6, compiling hypotheses with score 0.4, and identifying variables with score 0.6, whereas aspects high category N-gain is there is observing aspect with score 1.0, communicating the data with score 0.7, and concluding the data with score 0.9. These results show that there is increases in the science process skills of student using the Spot Capturing learning method.

Disaster mitigation is activity that very important to teach and learning to someone as early as possible. Disaster mitigation can teach through positive activities such as school learning. This study aims to describe the implementation of Project Based Learning on students' reasoning for Class VII Covid-19 Disaster Mitigation at SMP 1 Maduran. This research is very much needed to see students' reasoning for understanding the concept of Covid-19 disaster mitigation and to train Covid-19 disaster preparedness as early as possible for students of SMPN 1 Maduran. The research method used One Group Pre-test Post-test Design with 30 students of grade VII at SMPN 1 Maduran. The results generally showed increase student reasoning with an average N-Gain score of 0.68 in the moderate category. The results of the increase in reasoning on each indicator, (1) namely explaining the relationship between the elements in the problem increased with an average N-Gain score of 0.58 in the moderate category, (2) made the problem solving project structure increase with an average N-Gain score of 0.76 with the High category, and (3) realizing projects that have been designed in the form of completion results increased with an average N-Gain score of 0.67 in the moderate category. Based on the data generated, it can be shown that learning using Project Based Learning is able to improve students' reasoning in class VII Covid-19 disaster mitigation material at SMPN 1 Maduran. Future research expected to be able measure students' creativity in the process of problems solving in mitigating the Covid-19 disaster.

Observation skills are one of the basic skills students must possess in science learning. Through observation skills, students are able to identify facts or initial knowledge before going on to the next stage of the science process skills. In science learning, student observation skills can be observed and measured through all learning activities both in the classroom and in the laboratory (practicum) by using the activity assessment sheet. Activity assessment sheet is a derivative form of performance assessment consisting of 1) student identity, 2) assessment instructions, 3) basic competencies, 4) assessment table (sub-material, observed observation skills, scores, and information), 5) formulation acquisition of final score, and 6) assessment rubric. The assessment sheet for this activity has been tested on 44 junior high school students and the average results reached more than 50% of students showing the highest score of observation skills. Thus, the activity assessment sheet can be said to be used to measure student observation skills.

This study aims to determine the comparison of students' creativity skills in experiment-based science learning and project-based science learning. This research is an experimental study with a posttest only control group design. The population of this study was class VII SMPN 2 Sugio, totaling 157 people (from class VII-A to VII-F). The method of obtaining data in this study is the method of observation and documentation. Methods of data analysis were carried out by testing for normality and homogeneity, as well as testing hypotheses by using independent sample t-test with the help of SPSS 18 for Windows. From this research it can be concluded that there are differences in the creativity skills of students in project-based learning and experiment-based learning, where the average value of creativity skills in project-based learning is greater than the average creativity skills in experiment-based learning.

Critical thinking skills are one of the 21st century learning skills that students must have, considering that the rapid development of science and technology causes more problems that arise in everyday life. Critical thinking skills are related to skills in using various reasons in various situations, thinking systematically, and being able to make decisions and solve problems. The development of these skills can be done through STEM-based science learning. To find out how far the students' critical thinking skills are, it is necessary to assess them. Assessing these skills can be done through the project assignment method. Project-based learning can encourage students to explore their abilities and potential, conduct experiments, think rationally and logically, solve problems during the project, and discover new knowledge or verify existing concepts. The results of this study indicate that the assessment of critical thinking skills in STEM-based science learning through project assignments is valid (with AVI (Aiken's Validity Index) of 0.958) and reliable (Cronbach Alpha test with a value of 0.717> r table). The average value of critical thinking skills of students after being measured using the assessment instrument was 69/100 (good category).