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The discharge characteristics of air gap is one of the important factors to determine the insulation level which is crucial for electrical engineering construction. In order to calculate the 50% breakdown voltage of rod-rod air gap under different meteorological conditions and different gap distances, we take the positive standard switching impulse test data of rod-rod air gap under different meteorological conditions as samples. Based on training set, a breakdown voltage prediction model of rod-rod air gap under different meteorological conditions was established by cuckoo search optimized weighted support vector regression (CS-ω-SVR). The results show that the average absolute percentage error of the test set is 3.6%, which verifies the validity of this computing method. The method can provide reference for the computation of air gap breakdown voltage under different altitudes and extreme meteorological conditions.